Immunotherapy is a therapeutic strategy that harnesses or modifies the body's immune system to recognize and destroy diseased cells, most prominently malignant tumors. Rather than directly killing cancer cells like cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation, it restores or amplifies immune surveillance that tumors evade. M…
Immunotherapy is a therapeutic strategy that harnesses or modifies the body's immune system to recognize and destroy diseased cells, most prominently malignant tumors. Rather than directly killing cancer cells like cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation, it restores or amplifies immune surveillance that tumors evade. Major modalities include immune checkpoint inhibitors that block regulatory pathways such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand to release suppressed T-cell activity; adoptive cell therapies including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to target tumor antigens; cytokine and interferon administration; therapeutic vaccines; and monoclonal antibodies directed at tumor-associated targets. In oncology, immunotherapy is applied across malignancies such as melanoma, where checkpoint blockade and combinations with radiation have reshaped treatment, and it is increasingly integrated with surgery and conventional regimens. Its effectiveness depends on accurate immunomonitoring, including immunoassays and immunogenomic profiling that characterize tumor antigens, immune cell populations, and response biomarkers. Emerging directions combine immunotherapy with nanotechnology for targeted delivery and explore oncofetal antigens and molecular diagnostics to refine patient selection. Challenges include immune-related adverse events, variable response rates, and mechanisms of resistance, all active areas of hematologic and oncologic research aimed at extending durable benefit to more patients.
10 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 10 articles above have been cited 42 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
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