Open Access Pub publishes peer-reviewed, free-to-read open-access articles. Showing
articles matching Control — open any to read the full text,
or download the PDF or XML.
May 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-25-5773
Peres de Sousa LucasCorresponding author
Introduction Sleep quality is a fundamental determinant of human health and well-being. Modified Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood (ILIB), a non-invasive therapeutic modality, has emerged as a potential intervention for sleep-related disturbances. Proposed mechanisms include reduced blood viscosity and platelet aggregation, activation of superoxide dismutase, increased oxygen bioavailability, enhanced microcirculation, elevated serotonin levels, and decreased cortisol concentrations—physiological processes intricately involved in sleep regulation, mood modulation, and the stress response. Objective To evaluate the effects of Modified Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood (ILIB) on sleep quality in individuals with self-reported sleep disturbances. Methods A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with participants who reported poor sleep quality. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group received ILIB using a 660 nm red laser, while the control group received a placebo treatment (light emission with sub-therapeutic power, <1 mW). Both groups underwent the same treatment schedule. Sleep quality was assessed at baseline and after six treatment sessions using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results Participants in the ILIB group showed statistically significant improvements in the primary outcome of global sleep quality. PSQI scores decreased from 10.24 at baseline to 6.47 post-treatment. ESS scores showed a non-significant change from 10.44 to 10.12. These results suggest enhanced overall sleep quality and reduced sleep latency, although the observed reduction in daytime sleepiness did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Modified Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood appears to be a promising non-invasive approach for improving sleep quality. The clinical outcomes observed are comparable to those reported in both pharmacological and behavioral sleep interventions, particularly in terms of PSQI improvements. These preliminary findings support the need for further research to clarifyunderlying mechanisms, optimize treatment parameters (e.g., dosimetry and duration), and expand outcome assessments to include biomarkers and polysomnographic data.
May 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-4837.ijip-26-6169
Ershova JuliaCorresponding author
Introduction The risk of exposure to M. tuberculosis among healthcare workers (HCW) remains a public health concern worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Biomedical Research and Training Institute supported the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care in strengthening infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in healthcare facilities (HCF), integrating tuberculosis (TB) infection control (TBIC) into the intervention strategy. We describe the impact of this intervention on TBIC practices and HCW screening outcomes. Methods The strategy, implemented from June 2021–September 2022, included IPC mentorship training, competency assessments, and use of a standardized risk assessment tool for progress monitoring. For the training purposes, the project developed eight practical problem-solving IPC modules including an occupational health component. Trained mentors conducted bi-monthly site support visits (SSV), used a checklist to track compliance, and assessed competencies of HCW at the targeted facilities. Facility-based risk assessments were conducted three times during the project implementation. Results During the intervention, 1,865 HCW from 105 facilities were trained. Availability and use of personal protective equipment improved by 49% and 42%, respectively. The proportion of HCF with designated areas for sputum collection increased by 43%. The proportion of HCF that screened HCW for TB increased by 42% with 3,761 HCW screened during the project period. Fourteen were diagnosed with TB and referred for care, resulting in 372 new cases per 100,000. Conclusion The implemented strategy of training, mentorship, and regular SSV strengthened TBIC measures, improved TB screening practices and case finding among HCW. Improving and maintaining practices is critical for effective TBIC.
Mar 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-26-6010
Marmann PeterCorresponding author
Background/Aim Sleep disturbances are common and are associated with impaired daytime functioning, reduced quality of life, and increased health risks. Non-pharmacological neuromodulatory interventions have gained interest as alternatives to hypnotic medication. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy has been proposed as a non-invasive approach to improve sleep quality and recovery, but evidence from large, well-controlled trials remains limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulsed magnetic field therapy (PMT) on sleep quality, sleep-related symptoms, daytime functioning, and well-being in adults with heterogeneous sleep complaints. Materials and Methods In this remote, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 217 adults reporting non-restorative sleep, difficulties initiating sleep, or frequent nocturnal awakenings were assigned to active PMT using a PEMF device (Night Harmony Female/Male protocol) or a sham application for three weeks. Primary outcomes were changes in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score and self-rated sleep satisfaction, restfulness, and sleep initiation difficulties. Secondary outcomes included sleep diary measures, daytime functioning, well-being (WHO-5), symptom burden (MYMOP), and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale). Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle using ANCOVA with baseline values of the respective parameter as covariate. Results Both groups showed significant improvements over time in global sleep quality and most secondary outcomes (p < 0.001). Between-group differences in PSQI global score were not significant (p = 0.314). However, active PMT resulted in significantly greater improvements in subjective sleep satisfaction (p = 0.02) and restfulness (p = 0.02), particularly among participants with moderate to severe baseline sleep disturbances (p < 0.001 for both). Sleep continuity measures improved similarly in both groups. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions PMT produced modest but significant improvements in subjective restorative aspects of sleep beyond placebo effects and was well tolerated. Further studies using objective sleep measures and longer follow-up are warranted.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-6759.jpar-25-5576
Markus Bukar BiallahCorresponding author
Background Tick infestations severely impair cattle health and productivity in Nigeria through blood loss, hide damage, and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. Objective This study assessed key risk factors influencing tick infestation and evaluated control methods among Fulani pastoral herds in Plateau State. Methods A cross-sectional survey involving 250 cattle from ten herds was conducted across five Local Government Areas. Tick burden was analyzed against acaricide application methods (pour-on vs. hand-spray), hand-picking frequency, and herd mobility (sedentary vs. migratory). Data were collected via owner interviews and manual tick counts. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear models in R software. Results Cattle treated with pour-on acaricides had significantly lower tick burdens compared to those treated via hand-spray (P<0.05). Herds that practiced hand-picking five times weekly had fewer ticks than those hand-picking thrice weekly (P<0.01). Migratory herds recorded significantly lower infestations than sedentary herds (P<0.05). Conclusion Effective tick control requires the integration of optimized acaricide application, frequent manual removaland consideration of herd mobility patterns. Education, capacity building, and policy support are necessary to enhance adoption of effective tick control measures among pastoralists.
Nov 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-5657.je-24-5327
Khanday ShifanCorresponding author
Human embryonic development is a highly coordinated and complex process that transforms a single fertilized cell into a fully formed human organism. This process is governed by intricate molecular mechanisms involving genetic regulation, signal transduction pathways, and intercellular communication. This study explores key molecular pathways controlling human embryonic development, focusing on the roles of morphogens, transcription factors, signaling molecules, and epigenetic modifications. By reviewing the most recent literature and experimental studies, we aim to highlight the molecular orchestration that directs cell fate decisions, tissue patterning, and organogenesis in humans.
Jun 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-24-5117
Hoon Kim DoCorresponding author
In this study, the efficacy and safety of DKB-131 (extract of Siraitiagrosvenorii) in adults of both genders presenting mild symptoms of knee arthritis were evaluated in comparison to a placebo. This clinical trial was randomized, double-blind, multicenter, and lasted for 12 weeks. A total of 120 participants with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of 30 mm or higher in the knee area and Kellgren & Lawrence Grade I or II knee arthritis on X-ray were enrolled, with 60 subjects randomized to receive DKB-131 and 60 subjects receiving placebo. Following 12 weeks of consumption, the change in K-WOMAC total score assessed in the per protocol (PP) set revealed a reduction of 21.86±15.98 points in participants who received DKB-131 (p<0.0001), whereas those in the placebo group exhibited a reduction of 14.92±16.66 points (p<0.0001). This demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the test groups (p=0.0389). Additionally, significant differences were observed between the DKB-131 and placebo groups in the changes in K-WOMAC pain (p=0.0157) and physical function (p=0.0447). For the secondary efficacy endpoint, the change in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, analyzed in the PP set after 12 weeks of consumption, the test group showed a reduction of 17.82±13.80 mm (p<0.0001), while the control group exhibited a reduction of 11.81±13.99 mm (p<0.0001), indicating a statistically significant difference between the test groups (p=0.0359). Safety evaluations including hematological tests, biochemical tests, and urinalysis revealed no clinically significant differences between the consumption groups. Additionally, vital signs (pulse, blood pressure) and anthropometric measurements (body weight) did not exhibit clinically significant differences between the consumption groups, confirming the safety of DKB-131. We propose that the consumption of DKB-131 is safe for humans and may contribute to joint health. Trial registration (CRIS.NIH.go.Kr): KCT0008527
May 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-24-5098
Cornegliani LuisaCorresponding author
This prospective randomized double-blinded multicentric study aimed to assess the efficacy of a new nutraceutical in controlling itch and skin lesions caused by flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) and compare it with another oral product of proven efficacy. Forty-three dogs, of different age, breed and sex, with FAD were included and divided into two groups: 24 received product A and 19 product B. Both groups received the same antiparasitic treatment. A modified canine atopic lesion index (mCADLI) and pruritus visual analogic scale (pVAS) were recorded at days 0, 30 and 60. pVAS was evaluated both by the examining veterinarian (vpVAS) and the owner (opVAS). Results obtained were compared between the two groups at each time point. In both groups of dogs, a significant decrease of mCADLI, vpVAS and opVAS at day 30 and 60, compared to day 0, was observed. At baseline, the mCADLI scores of Group B were significantly higher than Group A (95% CI: -4.0 to 0.0, p < 0.05), with no differences at D30 and D60 (not significant, p > 0.05). In Group B, significantly lower values of vpVAS were observed at D30 compared to Group A (95% CI: -2.5 to 0.0, p < 0.05), but not at D60 (not significant, p > 0.05). The median values of pVAS in Group B were lower compared to Group A at both D30 (95% CI: -2.5 to 0.4, p < 0.01) and D60 (95% CI: -3.0 to 0.3, p < 0.05). Both nutraceuticals can be useful to control discomfort, skin lesions and pruritus due to flea allergy dermatitis and can be a valuable replacement for antipruritic drugs antihistamines, steroids or Il-31 inhibitors.
Apr 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2998-1506.jpa-22-4349
Abdou Ousseini ArdalyCorresponding author
Sorghum is important staple food for feeding humans and animals in sub-Saharan African country. Nowadays, with the advent of climate change couple to the population growth, the crop is faced to new challenges wish are gradually affecting the productivity. In Niger, a dry land country where farmers are growing sorghum at a small scale for family subsistence, the crop is confronted to biotic and abioticonstraints including nutrient deficiency in the soil. Among those constraint, Striga is the one that causes huge damage to sorghum cultivation through yield reduction. In addition, nutrient depletion in the soil are causing weed progresses in farmer’s field at a large scale. In fact, to overcome Striga problem several control methods have been successfully tested, but some of them are efficient but not accessible to farmers. It is important to control the weed by using effective and accessible way for smallholder farme in Niger. The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different doses of sesame (0, 0.5 and 1.5 g) and DAP (0, 2 and 5 g) on Striga impact and sorghum grain yield. Two (2) grammes micro dosing utilization of DAP shows good result in Striga plant emergency and distribution along sorghum field. Concerning the three doses of sesame seed involve in this experiment, the micro dosing two (1.5 g) positively affect Striga effect. The combination sesame seed and DAP can significantly reduce Striga impact on sorghum cultivation and increased sorghum grain yield.
Mar 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2691-5014.jphn-24-4984
H. Al-Sadeeq AidaCorresponding author
Introduction Children with complicated Severe Acute Malnutrtion (SAM) admitted to Therapeutic Feeding Center (TFC), and ‘uncomplicated’ SAM managed in Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP). Objective This study aims to examine the anthropometric differences between SAM admitted to TFC and OTP. Methods A hospital based case control study conducted in the Therapeutic Feeding Program (TFP) of Al-Sadaka General Teaching hospital, Aden, included complicated (cases) and uncomplicated (control) severely wasted 6-60 month old children admitted between July 2022 to June 2023. The WHO anthropometric calculator was used to assess every child’s weight-for-length/height SD and length/height for age SD. Results A total of 313 cases and 122 controls were admitted, mean age, weight, length/height, and MUAC among the cases were (13.04±7.34 mo., 5.41±1.33 kg, 68.32±7.10 cm, and 10.57±1.36 cm) respectively; while among the controls were (20.05±12.93 mo., 7.05±1.74 kg, 76.89±10.46 cm, and 11.28±1.11 cm) respectively. Severe wasting by WFL/H < - 3SD z- score seen more among the controls; cases vs controls were (37.0% vs 68.9%). Howevere, the other groups of severity of WFL/H z-score were seen with nearly douple frequencies among the case vs the controls (35.8% vs 18.8% < - 4SD), (14.7 vs 7.4% < - 5SD). Less than – 6SD was seen much more among the cases vs the controls (8.6% vs 1.6%). Less than – 7 SD among the cases was 1.3% and no children belong to this group in the controls.. The majority of the cases belonged to the age group 6-24 months. Conclusion Children a dmitted to TFC had severe wasting reaching up to < - 6 and < - 7 SD below the WHO cut-off, WFL/H < - 3SD z-score, and at an early age, with simultaneous presence of severe stunting and low MUAC which denotes high mortality risk.
Jan 2024
Manga SeleneCorresponding author
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is the most urgent public health problem to solve in Peru, according to the Ministry of Health 1. In the WHO Global TB Report 2021, Peru has the highest burden of DR-TB in the Americas (Table 1), with 38% of TB cases either RR or MDR. In addition, the Ministry reports an estimated prevalence rate of DR-TB of 5.7% in new cases and 24.2% in previously treated cases. A total of 2493 new cases of DR-TB were reported in 2022, with 18.5% treatment dropout in 2019 believed to have increased by at least 52% in 2022 1. The post-pandemic context has created additional challenges for the control of DR-TB in Peru. A complex multiplicity of factors connects this disease to groups with high vulnerability, such as populations in extreme poverty and overcrowding or deprived of freedom; those who have immune system disorders, such as HIV and diabetes; and isolated indigenous populations.
Sep 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-23-4635
R. AlKalbani SalmaCorresponding author
Tobacco use remains a leading cause of harm to public health. Despite nearly two decades of ratifying the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), Oman is still striving to achieve the best practice approach in different FCTC measures. Current epidemiological data shows that the prevalence of tobacco use among adults in Oman is steadily increasing with time. This review highlights the progress that has been made in the various FCTC measures, as well as how Oman has the possibility to attain the best practice approach in the various FCTC measures, and even go beyond that by implementing policies that have the potential to achieve a tobacco-free Oman by 2040.
Feb 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-22-4389
Haroun Mohamed Adam AbubakerCorresponding author
The greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) is one of the most destructive insect pests that threaten apiculture. Laboratory experiments were conducted in the Research Laboratory, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology during the period from the 2nd_ of April to 29th_ of October 2021 to evaluate the lethal effect of Bee glue (proplis) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki (Btk) on the G.mellonella. Five concentrations (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%) of proplis extract and (0.62,1.25,2.5,5 and 10 mg/ml) of Bt were used for each proplis extract and Bt in a Completely Randomized Design. Powder ethanol extract of proplis at 15% concentration caused 83.3% mortality after 96 hrs of application, where as 10mg//ml concentration of Bt gave 93.3% mortality after 72 hrs of exposure. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences between all treatments and control. Additionally, all treatments (proplis/ /Bt) increased the mortality %.
Oct 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-22-4343
Rutayisire ErigeneCorresponding author
Department of public Health, Mount Kenya University Rwanda Kigali Rwanda
Most hospitals have infection prevention and control committees but some of them are struggling to maintain and to apply infection prevention and control protocols due to lack of enough resources. Healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of infection prevention and control procedures are crucial for effective infection prevention and control (IPC). The study aimed to assess HCW’s KAP towards IPC in Rwanda. A cross-sectional hospital based study was directed in three hospitals in Karongi district from February to March 2022. Data were collected from 215 healthcare workers using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire using a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected, checked, coded, and entered into the Kobo Collect Toolbox before being transferred to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. The KAP Score was also calculated. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. We found that 50.7% of HCWs were males, 63.3% were between the ages of 18 and 58.2% had a secondary education. The overall 78.6% of HCWs demonstrated high level of knowledge, 79.5% with a positive attitude, and 63.3% with good IPC practice. The results revealed that being over 45 years old(AOR=3.1;95%,CI=(2.16-5.25; p=0.024) having university level(AOR=3.3); 95%CI=(1.56-7.56;p=0.035), working experience between 5-10years(AOR=1.7; 95%CI=(1.37-5.45); (p=0.003), having high level of knowledge (AOR=2.7;95%CI: (1.68–7.95; p=0.045)and positive attitude(AOR=2.3; 95%CI:(1.36-7.72); p=0.017) towards IPC were associated with IPC good practice. Improving institutional supplies such as hand hygiene supplies, PPE, water supply and other facilities can improve safe infection prevention and control.
Oct 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2381-862X.jwrh-22-4315
Nazempour AnahitaCorresponding author
OB/Gynecologist, fellowship of infertility and IVF, Sarem fertility and infertility research center (SAFIR), Sarem women’s hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a serious multifactorial disorder. This study intended to assess the effect of cinnamon supplementation on estradiol level, and fasting- and two-hour (2 hpp) insulin and sugar levels in women with PCOS. Material and Methods This study was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT), conducted between January 2019 until December 2020, at Gynecology Clinic Sarem Women’s Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Patients with PCOS, 130 subjects (65 person/ group) were diagnosed using Rotterdam diagnostic criteria. All participants received daily treatment consisting of 1500 mg metformin and 1000 mg cinnamon per day for 12 weeks. An evaluation of serum AMH level was conducted before and after the completion of therapy. Results Cinnamon supplementation significantly reduced the estradiol, fasting glucose and 2hpp glucose, fasting insulin and 2 hpp insulin, BMI and weight levels after intervention. The highest reduction was observed in fasting glucose, 2 hpp insulin, and estradiol groups after intervention (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the means of BMI (P<0.01), fasting sugar (P<0.01), and 2 hpp glucose (P<0.01) before and after intervention. Conclusion Cinnamon supplementation, as a safe herbal product, can be prescribed with metformin to improve the symptoms and complications of PCOS.
Aug 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2997-1969.ijhs-22-4227
Ezinna E EnwerejiCorresponding author
Department of Public Health, Abia State University, Uturu Abia, Nigeria
Studies have linked freshwater snails with human flukes as a result of repeated contacts with contaminated water. This study is aimed to determine the distribution of freshwater snails and their infectivity rates along human dwellings in Okigwe Imo state using Physico-Chemical parameters. Freshwater snails were collected by using long plastic spoons and with hand-picking method. The Physico-Chemical parameters were determined with appropriate instrument and freshwater snails harvested from the site were morphologically identified. One thousand four hundred and nine (1409) freshwater snails belonging to the species Lymneae and Bulinus were collected once a week throughout the period of study with the relative percentage of 43.9%; 29.9% ;26.2% respectively. The infectivity rate was highest in snails that were collected in the month of May compared to those collected in June and July, the rate was 69.2%, 50.1% and 33.6% in the months of May, June and July respectively. Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and PH were found to significantly influence snail distribution in the site (p<0.05). The finding showed that 54.2% of all the snails collected were infected. The snail distribution observed may give an insight into some aspects of the epidemiology of trematodes infection in Okigwe the site for the study and their potential risks to infect human beings and animals.
Jun 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-22-4106
Sgoifo AnnalisaCorresponding author
ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3 - Milano, 20162, IT
Background SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represented an unexpected psychological stress, being a major threat to health and limiting daily’s life, especially for the fragile population. How could the people with (pw) Multiple Sclerosis (MS) cope with this emergency? Objective To observe the pwMS’s psychological reaction in comparison with non affected persons and to evaluate the impact of lifestyle changes on psychological symptoms, due to the pandemic. Methods The study was observational, retrospective, controlled, focused on good clinical practice and conducted at Niguarda Hospital. PwMS and controls filled a web survey containing anamnestic data, habits, depression and anxiety self-questionnaires. The primary outcome was the pwMS’s psychological anxiety and depression score compared with controls. Results On April, 10 2020, 88/165 pwMS and 187 controls joined the study. Unexpectedly, no significant differences between groups were observed for depression mean score: 6.6(5.2) in pwMS and 6.2(4.8) in controls and for anxiety: 5.9(4.8) and 5.0(4.2). PwMS focused on health concern more often than controls, but they respected the restrictions more easily and benefited from practical activities more than controls. Conclusion PwMS showed a proper psychological resilience in comparison with controls. These findings might guide the clinical interviews and suggest both the areas to be supported and the strengths to be promoted in pwMS.
May 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-22-4170
Michael Chukwudike Anyakudo MagnusCorresponding author
Endometabolic and Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, P.M.B 536, Laje Road, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Garden egg nutritional values are numerous. However, few nutritional and epidemiological data exist on the impacts of garden egg consumption on diabetes control. In this experimentally-control designed nutritional study, the effects of scarlet garden egg species (Solanum aethiopicum L.) on lipoglycemic profile, weight control and, pancreas histoarchitecture in diabetic male Wistar rats were examined. Twenty-One adult male Wistar rats inducted with diabetes were randomly categorized into three groups (n = 7, each): Diabetic control (DC); Diabetic treated with aqueous extract of garden egg (DEE) and Diabetic fed with garden egg-supplemented diet (DSE). Animals were fed for six weeks according to the experimental design. Glycemic status and body weights were assessed twice weekly while lipid analysis was conducted at the entry and 6th week of the study. Oral glucose tolerance (OGT) test was conducted. Gross analysis and tissue histology of the pancreas were assessed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining technique. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance, and the results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. at P < 0.05. Garden egg reduced mean body weight gain (DSE: 14.53%; DEE: 10.58%; P value = 0.04) and decreased blood glucose concentrations (DEE: 37.33%; DSE: 18.68%; P = 0.03) with corresponding improved lipid profile, glycemic tolerance and control (DEE > DSE) and, preserved pancreas histoarchitecture in diabetic Wistar rats. Solanum aethiopicum (garden egg) consumption (as fresh fruit or supplemented diet) preserves pancreatic tissue histoarchitecture and improves lipoglycemic profile and weight control in diabetic Wistar rats.
Sep 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-4837.ijip-20-3944
Ababio Bannor PhilipCorresponding author
Health Facilities and Regulatory Agency, Ghana
Background Infection prevention and control system in healthcare facilities is essential in dealing with the spread of infectious diseases, especially during an outbreak period such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives The study assessed the infection prevention and control (IPC) situation in selected healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra and Ashanti Regions of Ghana during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods This was a multi-facility based cross-sectional study that used a monitoring tool of the Health Facilities Regulatory Agency (HeFRA) of Ghana to collect information on the IPC practices at the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Data was gathered from 501 healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra (335) and Ashanti (151) Regions. Descriptive, Chi-square, and multiple logistic regression were performed. All statistical analyses were considered significant at an alpha level of 0.05. Results 50.6% of health facilities were assessed as having good IPC systems in the overall assessment. The majority of the health facilities were evaluated as good on governance/leadership. Similarly, the majority (54.3 %)of the facilities had effective infectious waste management. The assessment levels of governance/leadership, management, quality assurance system, human resource, IPC equipment, and water management were all significantly associated with the adherence to good IPC systems. Conclusion IPC systems in most facilities were assessed as good, but some areas require critical attention to help prevent the spread of infections in healthcare facilities in Ghana. Support systems such as revised policy on IPC, governance/leadership, and infectious waste management infrastructure are needed to strengthen facilities with weak or poor IPC systems.
Dec 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3641
Turk TahirCorresponding author
Background Evidence based message design and efficient dissemination of messages are critical to the success of tobacco control mass media campaigns. Although evidence to measure effectiveness of messages is emerging within low -and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, evidence-based approaches for mass media message dissemination is currently lacking due to challenges in accurate assessment of gross rating points (GRPs) for efficient delivery of campaign messages. Approaches to more accurately predict optimal campaign impact are required to achieve best-buys in resource constrained settings Method A case study approach compared findings from two national tobacco control mass media campaigns implemented in Bangladesh. Stage one reviewed protocols to assess the efficacy of message designs. Second stage analysis involved a review of the mass media campaign recall findings from cross-sectional, post-intervention surveys. Last, a post assessment of GRPs for both campaigns was conducted to support the development of an algorithm to better predict campaign impact at the greatest cost-efficiencies. Results Message mean pre-test scores identified that the Baby Alive campaign scored approximately 20% lower than mean pre-test scores of messages for the Graphic Health Warning campaign. Media dissemination for the Baby Alive campaign was also relatively low at 165GRPs achieving 16.8% prompted recall while the Graphic Health Warning campaign delivered 292GRPs to achieve 47.0% prompted recall. The analytic-predictive model identified that for messages with high pre-test scores an increase of only 1.5GRPs was required to the existing media plan to potentially achieve an additional percentage point of recall. Discussion Given the weaknesses in GRP calculations in LMIC settings, analysis of multiple metrics should be considered to achieve best buys for tobacco control mass media campaigns. Based on optimal message mean pre-test scores of 90%+ and delivery of 292GRPs, which achieved 47% campaign recall, optimal recall of 70% could be predicted with a media plan delivering 342GRPs. More analytical-predictive mass media programming models need to be developed in other LMIC settings examining multiple campaign findings to confirm if this algorithm can provide better returns on investment with efforts directed toward delivering interventions that are supported by a strong evidence base.
Nov 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2766-8630.jrnm-20-3594
Sakyanun PitchayaCorresponding author
Department of Radiation Oncology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand 10400
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy (overall survival, local control, progression free survival (PFS) and toxicities between two dimension (2D) and three dimension (3D) CT guided brachytherapy without using interstitial needles in cervical cancer patients. Material and Methods A retrospective case-control study was performed in Figo stage IB-IVA cervical cancer patients treated between March 1990 and August 2018. Concurrent chemoradiation using external beam radiotherapy followed by brachytherapy (BT) was the treatment method used in all patients. Clinical endpoints were overall survival, local control, progression free survival, acute toxicities and late toxicities. Results A 102 cervical cancer patients were included,52 patients have been treated with 2D and 50 patients with 3D using CT scan brachytherapy without interstitial needles. Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups. External beam was used in all patients during concurrent chemoradiation period before brachytherapy. All patients completed the treatment. Similar 3-year overall survival and local control was reported between 2D and 3D techniques. Overall 3-year survival rate was 95.7% in 2D and 91.8% in 3D brachytherapy (P value = 0.188). Local control at the 3 year follow up was 88.6% in 2D and 93.3% in 3D (P value = 0.571). Progression free survival was better in 2D rather than 3D (86.13% in 2D vs 27.4% in 3D, p value = 0.006). No grade 3 or 4 toxicity in 3D technique was observed whereas there are 1.9% of grade 3 acute GI toxicity and grade 3 late GI and GU toxicities in 2D technique (7.7% and 5.8 %). The 3D brachytherapy significantly reduced acute grade 2-3 GI side effect and grade 2-3 late GU side effect (acute GI 25% in 2D vs 4% in 3D, late GU (56% in 2D vs 16% in 3D). Conclusion Using CT guided 3D brachytherapy in treatment of cervical cancer showed similar outcomes in survival and local control but reduced toxicity compared to the 2D technique. Disease progression including metastasis was found better in the 2D brachytherapy technique. CT guided brachytherapy helped reduce dose to organs at risk and long term follow up for survival outcome and toxicities was needed.
Nov 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3621
Stapff ManfredCorresponding author
LG Chem Life Sciences Innovation Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
Context In the face of further waves of the COVID-19 pandemic it becomes essential to find a balance between protective actions to guard public health and restrictive measures which can collapse our economy. Background As a basis for public health decisions, officials still rely on metrics which were helpful in the beginning of the pandemic but are now not precise enough for a focused and targeted approach to keep the spread of the infection under control. This can lead to public mistrust, “pandemic tiredness”, and can cause unnecessary damage to the economy without having the desired protective effect on public health. Methods This article discusses various metrics, their advantages and caveats, and it provides suggestions for use in a more targeted and risk-based approach, as an alternative to the current “general lock-down” practice. It suggests the notion of including a concept of “risk contacts per area” to better describe the possibility of virus transmission than currently published metrics do. The article also suggests specific analyses of real-world data for identification of populations at risk for severe courses of COVID-19 to allow more targeted protective actions. Discussion Data currently used to describe the COVID-19 pandemic lack important parameters like population density and local likelihood of potentially infectious contacts. The currently often used “all or nothing” approach of shut-down orders needs to be replaced by more sophisticated tactics considering individual local exposure risks and need to be balanced towards metrics on economic short term and long-term impact. In addition, smart analyses of real-world data may contribute to effective protection of individuals at risk.
Apr 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-20-3283
Cuauhtémoc Negrete JaimeCorresponding author
Independent Researcher and Technical writer graduated in Autonomous Agrarian Antonio Narro University, Buenavista, Mexico.
In the country, food production is more compromised every day, despite zero efforts and government, agricultural and livestock sector, causing poverty, migration, marginalization among other social disorders in addition to food insecurity. In Mexico 34% of the population is engaged in agricultural tasks, with very small land areas. The fact that 85% of do not have more than 5 ha of arable land, and that among them, 90% do not reach 3 ha clearly indicates their great need for light machinery .The solution to these problems family farmers are provided with affordable technologies to increase their productivity. One of the most common problems in agriculture is the application of agrochemicals, which is tedious and dangerous when farmers are exposed to these highly toxic products, therefore a system is proposed is through the help of a drone or remote control helicopter, both of economic type connected by a hose to the sprinkler and a tank. Due to the danger of applying agrochemicals for family farmers who rarely follow the precautions to apply these products, the proposed alternative is attractive for small agricultural properties, although it is not free of cost, the drone and the optimal sprayer should be investigated.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2766-8681.jcsr-21-3719
Zhao BinCorresponding author
School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Background Since receiving unexplained pneumonia patients at the Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has rapidly spread in Wuhan, China and spread to the entire China and some neighboring countries. We establish the dynamics model of infectious diseases and time series model to predict the trend and short-term prediction of the transmission of COVID-19, which will be conducive to the intervention and prevention of COVID-19 by departments at all levels in mainland China and buy more time for clinical trials. Methods Based on the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 in the population and the implemented prevention and control measures, we establish the dynamic models of the six chambers, and establish the time series models based on different mathematical formulas according to the variation law of the original data. Findings The results based on time series analysis and kinetic model analysis show that the cumulative diagnosis of pneumonia of COVID-19 in mainland China can reach 36,343 after one week (February 8, 2020), and the number of basic regenerations can reach 4.01. The cumulative number of confirmed diagnoses will reach a peak of 87,701 on March 15, 2020; the number of basic regenerations in Wuhan will reach 4.3, and the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Wuhan will reach peak at 76,982 on March 20. Whether in Mainland China or Wuhan, both the infection rate and the basic regeneration number of COVID-19 continue to decline, and the results of the sensitivity analysis show that the time it takes for a suspected population to be diagnosed as a confirmed population can have a significant impact on the peak size and duration of the cumulative number of diagnoses. Increased mortality leads to additional cases of pneumonia, while increased cure rates are not sensitive to the cumulative number of confirmed cases. Interpretation Chinese governments at various levels have intervened in many ways to control the epidemic. According to the results of the model analysis, we believe that the emergency intervention measures adopted in the early stage of the epidemic, such as blocking Wuhan, restricting the flow of people in Hubei province, and increasing the support to Wuhan, had a crucial restraining effect on the original spread of the epidemic. It is a very effective prevention and treatment method to continue to increase investment in various medical resources to ensure that suspected patients can be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, we believe that enhanced treatment of the bodies of deceased patients can be effective in ensuring that the bodies themselves and the process do not result in additional viral infections, and once the pneumonia patients with the COVID-19 are cured, the antibodies left in their bodies may prevent them from reinfection COVID-19 for a longer period of time.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-20-3225
di Virgilio FabrizioCorresponding author
DVM, Clinique Vétérinaire Vet24 – 59700 – Marcq en Baroeul, France
Objective To evaluate/ determine the risk factors for dogs presented with Gastric Dilation- Volvulus (GDV) to a referral veterinary centre and to compare the results with those currently reported in veterinary literature. Materials and Methods The observational case-control study comprised a population of 215 dogs that attended the referral centre between 2000 and 2018. Medical records were searched for GDV and those matching the criteria were manually reviewed. A questionnaire was completed by the owners of the dogs involved in the study (both case and control populations) in order to gain further information that could be considered relevant to GDVs. In particular, information included the dogs’ behaviour and the dogs daily activities. Results The study included 115 cases of GDV and 115 controls. Out of the GDV dogs 13% (15/115) were small breed dogs and the remaining 87% (100/115) either large or giant breeds. The following risk factors for developing a GDV have been identified: Purebred dogs over 3 years old and either large of giant breeds, weighing > 30 kg. Foreign body ingestion, diarrhoea, and grass consumption were also associated to increase the likelihood in developing GDV. Behavioural temperament was not associated with developing GDV. Clinical Significance The findings support previously identified risk factors in the development of GDV, but characteristics related to the dogs temperament warrant further investigation. Knowledge of these results will further allow clinicians to make evidence‐based recommendations to owners in attempting to prevent GDV in dogs. Furthermore this paper confirms that the risk of GDV in certain breeds and in certain conditions is always high and that GDV is still an extremely current disease.
Oct 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2638-4469.japb-19-3051
Ahmed Ismail HebatollahCorresponding author
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Triacontanol (TRIA) role in improving growth, physiological activities and tolerance against abiotic stresses has been reported. Yet, the mechanism by which TRIA executes its effects remains elusive. This work therefore studied the possible role of TRIA exogenous application in counteracting the adverse effects of nickel (Ni) treated maize seedlings. Maize seedlings (15-day-old) were grown in washed sand irrigated with nutrient solution provided with 100 μM NiCl2. Two concentrations of TRIA (25 and 50 µM) were applied twice as a foliar spray for Ni-stressed seedlings. Shoot and root growth attributes, Ni content, and antioxidant defence systems of maize seedlings were determined. Ni treatment reduced the shoot and root length and biomass, causing necrosis of the old leaves,greater reduction was shown in the roots. The shoot and root length was negatively correlated with their Ni content, which was consistent with their content of H2O2, but not with their malondialdehyde (MDA) content. As the roots had the greatest Ni content, maximum peroxidase (PX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity as well as the highest ascorbic acid (ASA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were observed in the roots. The Ni-induced deleterious effects were alleviated by foliar application of TRIA concentrations. Also, TRIA treatment minimized root Ni content, whereas it maintained the shoots unharmed by Ni. Such mitigative effects of TRIA are explained by its key role in enhancing antioxidant capacity (expressed as IC50), increased PX and ascorbate oxidase (AO) activity, GSH, and total phenolic contents.
Oct 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-612X.ijpr-19-3045
Xu WeiCorresponding author
School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
Emotional conflict control refers to the ability to select task-relevant emotional information and ignore task-irrelevant emotional distractors. Previous fMRI studies provide some evidence about brain structure and function related to emotional conflict control. Yet, the underlying resting-state functional connectivity was largely unknown. Here, this is the first study to explore the resting-state functional connectivity related to emotional conflict. According to the literature which used the whole-brain analysis to investigate the key brain area associated with emotional conflict, we select the amygdala (AMY) as the seed region. We then investigated the association between emotional conflict and functional connectivity between amygdala (AMY) and another brain region in a large sample. We found the emotional conflict effect was positively correlated with functional connectivity strength between AMY (the seed ROI) and right supplementary motor area (SMA). This finding implied that the functional connectivity between AMY and SMA was linked to emotional conflict and that AMY was the key region which plays a crucial role in emotional conflict.
Jun 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-19-2784
Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior ErnestoCorresponding author
Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health, Nove de Julho University – UNINOVE, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The aim of this clinical study was to determine the efficacy of bilateral alternating somatosensory stimulation for the management of stress and anxiety during and after the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a laboratory procedure for reliably inducing stress in human subjects. For this, a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial of 80 qualified subjects was conducted. Subjects were randomized into two groups, a treatment group (n=40) and a control (placebo) group (n=40). Metrics of emotional stress assessed were a subjective rating of the level of emotional stress and salivary cortisol levels, both obtained at 3 timepoints: before treatment (baseline), immediately following completion of the TSST, and after 20 minutes of rest following completion of the TSST. Results showed that the treatment group had a statistically greater decrease in the subjective rating of stress relative to the control group both immediately following the TSST and 20 minutes after the TSST. Salivary cortisol levels in the treatment group were also lower than the control group at those same time points. These results suggest that bilateral alternating somatosensory stimulation may be effective in reducing subjective levels of stress and anxiety. It also may actively attenuate stress-related cortisol levels, which may reflect a mechanism for reducing cortisol-induced inflammation back to baseline after exposure to stressful situations.
Jun 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-19-2858
Haroun Mohamed Adam AbubakerCorresponding author
Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, University of Bahri.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endophagous Encyrtid parasitic wasp Aenasiusarizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), as a natural enemy for controlling the Mealybug, Phenacoccussolenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Where a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was adopted. Both, field survey and Laboratory experiments were conducted to study some biological characteristics of the parasitoid A. arizonensis. The results of field study revealed that, the parasitioid was available most of the year, and was highly effective on adults and last larval instar of the mealy bug, P. Solenopsis, with a total percentage of parasitism of 31.26%. While the laboratory results showed that, the duration from oviposition to adult emergence were similar for both male and female. Longevity of male was 23± 2.33 days and female 23.37±1.89 days. Mean daily fecundity in terms of number of Parasitized hosts /female / day ranged from 20 to 24. The sex ratio was 1:1.6 for the male and female in the progeny. Generally, a mass rearing of this parasitoid, with a conservation and augmentation releases could help in the application of an effective management strategy for the control of the cotton mealy bug in the field.
Apr 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2688-5328.ijp-19-2717
Ip DavidCorresponding author
FRCS FHKCOS FHKCOS (Rehabilitation) FHKAM (Ortho Surg), Wellness Pain Centre Hong Kong
Objective The current clinical case series assess the clinical outcome of the use of low-level laser in the treatment of painful pediatric fractures not solidly consolidated and re-modelled after casting for a standard of 4-6 weeks Materials and Methods The patient cohort consisted of 17 consecutive unselected patients in pediatric age group with delayed fracture consolidation and/or undesirable angulation despite casting for a standard period of 4-6 weeks in whom the parents refused any surgical intervention and/or bone grafting options. All subjects were referred from other medical centers after inadequate healing of the fracture ends upon repeating the x ray after the cast was off at the 4-6 weeks mark. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on alternate days for 8weeks in upper limb fracture cases, and 12 weeks in lower limb fracture cases were administered with a view of enhancing bone healing and/or re-modelling since both previous clinical and basic science studies on LLLT showed a stimulatory effect on fracture healing. Results All patients had solid union, mean time for union for upper and lower limb fractures were 6 and 10 weeks respectively. The calculated p value is statistically significant at p < 0.05. No patient defaulted follow up. All parents were satisfied with the clinical and radiological result of the LLLT treatment. Conclusion LLLT was found not only to enhance bone healing potential but in fact improved bone re-modelling when used in the proper wavelength and energy density in pediatric upper and lower limbs fractures, thereby also rapidly resolve the intolerable pain in paediatric fracture population
Mar 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-612X.ijpr-18-2460
Xue SongCorresponding author
School of psychology, Nanjing normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
Conflict control is the ability to choose relevant information and ignore disturbing information in task processing. Previous studies have found that emotions have a certain influence on conflict control, and the research results of positive emotions and negative emotions affect conflict control are inconsistent. This study attempted to explore the effects of different emotional valorization on conflict control, using images of happy, fearful and sad emotional faces to investigate the effects of different emotional valorization and different emotional types on conflict control. The experiment selected 40 participants and used the variable-face Stroop paradigm. The study found that no matter what emotional task, there is a significant conflict effect. The effects of different valency on conflict control are different. All three emotions have a significant effect on conflict control, and positive emotions play a role in promoting conflict control.
Nov 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-18-2345
Habibeh AhmadipourCorresponding author
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Background: lifestyle modification is known as the cornerstone for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. To promote individual’s lifestyle, the first step is to measure their lifestyle by a valid and reliable tool. The aim of present study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Persian version of Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ). Method: A crosssectional study carried out on 300 medical students in Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data collected using a questionnaire contained demographic data and Persian version of HLPCQ. The reliability of the questionnaire determined using Cronbach’s alpha and intra class correlation coefficient (ICC). The construct validity of the questionnaire evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19 and Lisrel 8.8. Results: Internal consistency of HLPCQ was 0.78 using Cronbach’s alpha and 0.80 by ICC. In confirmatory factor analysis, the scale had acceptable goodness of fit indices. Conclusions: The Persian version of HLPCQ had excellent psychometric properties and can be used in in primary health care settings.
Jun 2018
Mwai JCorresponding author
Kenya Medical Research Institute.
Background: Tungiasis is a parasitic tropical disease caused by female Tungapenetranswhich has remained an important public health problem and it affects resource-poor communities causing different health disabilities hence the need for behavior change. Main objective of the study was to determine factors influencing prevention and control of tungiasis infestation among school age children in Ugenya Sub County, Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional design and utilizing quantitative data collection method. Simple random sampling technique was applied to select the participants. Quantitative data was collected through a pretested structured questionnaire. The data was keyed-into excel and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Study findings indicate that majority of the pupils infested with tungiasis were in classes 5 – 6 at 191(49%). Male participants were 200 (51%), while 185(49%) were female. Gender of pupils (χ2=4.383a, df=1, P<0.005) and household head occupation (χ2=44.729, df = 28, P<0.005) had a statistical significance with tungiasis infestation. Further significance was noted between participants who had ever heard of jiggers (χ2=6.361, df=1, P<0.005), Knowledge on important causes of jiggers (χ2=36.482, df = 9, P<0.005), mode of disease transmission (χ2=17.215, df = 5, P<0.005), signs and symptoms (χ2=4.088, df = 1, P<0.005), seriousness of jiggers in the area (χ2=13.175, df = 1, P<0.005) as well as pupil’s wearing of shoes (χ2=3.934, df = 1, P<0.005) and tungiasis infestation. Conclusions: Study concludes that tungiasis is still a big problem in rural settings and knowledge on tungiasis infestation does not translate to prevention and control in the areas. More emphasis should be given to improving practices touching on personal hygiene and health education to increase awareness both at school and in the households.
Jun 2018
Kendall KevinCorresponding author
University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
Graphene-Ceramic Composites (GCCs) have been little studied compared to graphene-polymer composites 1. Recent reviews 23 indicate that both mechanical and electrical property ceramic improvements can be obtained by mixing small quantities, typically 1 to 15% of graphene material with a ceramic precursor, then compacting and sintering. The greatest effect is on the electrical properties. The electrical conductivity of a material was first shown to rise by several orders of magnitude for only a 1% volume addition of graphene as in polymer composites 4 but the stiffness, strength and toughness only increased by 20-160% or so at 5% addition, a rather minor improvement compared to significant increases caused by slight ceramic process changes. Some crack bridging and pull-out mechanism was observed by electron microscopy in graphene-alumina composites, though the effects were modest. Surface friction and wear improvements of around 100% were also notable. This paper seeks to show that much higher toughness increases might be produced using the method pioneered by Clegg et al 5, where the graphite interlayers are replaced with graphene to produce improved ordered interfaces with reliable coverage and consistent interface fracture energy, enabling an increase in the fracture resistance of the ceramic by two orders of magnitude.
Jun 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2471-2175.jdrt-17-1481
Prakash Sasankoti Mohan RaviCorresponding author
Oral Medicine and Radiology, Subharti Dental College, India.
Background: Studies have unveiled lower levels of serum vitamin D in autoimmune diseases and the role of vitamin D in inhibition of helper T cells proliferation, stimulation of regulatory T cells, diminishing of B-lymphocyte differentiation and inhibition of immunoglobulin secretion has been discussed in the literature. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune mucocutaneous disorder in which cell mediated immunity plays an important part and so it may also be related to serum vitamin D levels. Aim: To estimate serum vitamin D in oral lichen planus patients of North India, compare it to the controls and to evaluate various factors influencing vitamin D level in OLP cases such as sun exposure, gender, psychosocial factors, meteorological influences, religion and diet. Methods and Material: Venous blood samples of 102 clinically diagnosed oral lichen planus patients and 102 age and sex matched controls were obtained for the study and serum vitamin D levels were estimated using Vitek Immunodiagnostic Assay System, an automated bench-top immuno-analyzer, based on the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay. The data was analyzed using chi-squared test and t-test. Results: Mean vitamin D in OLP cases and controls was 20.40 ng/ml and 32.67 ng/ml respectively. Vitamin D3 deficiency was more in OLP cases (70.6%) as compared to controls (34.3%) and insufficiency was more in controls (35.3%) as compared to OLP cases (16.7%). These differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Although vitamin D deficiency was found more in OLP cases pointing towards the possible co-relation of vitamin D and OLP, yet insufficiency was seen more commonly in controls which revealed that this important vitamin was lacking in North Indian population.
Mar 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2476-1710.jdt-16-1332
Petrowski KatjaCorresponding author
Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Dresden, Germany University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Fetscherstr.
Background: Unemployment is a chronic stressor which is associated with higher levels of impaired physical and mental wellbeing, e.g. reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and decline in self-esteem and self-efficacy. The present study investigated the effectivity of a HRV-biofeedback-training in increasing HRV and general self-efficacy. Method: A total of n = 22 unemployed individuals with adjustment disorder participated in this study (14 females, mean ages 42.53 ± 8.88 years). All participants performed randomized the “stress tests” for heart rate (HR) and HRV assessment: timed breathing, d2-attention-stress-test and math-test drawn from the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Four sessions HRV-biofeedback à 20 min within 2 weeks were administered. HR and HRV were assessed before and after biofeedback training. ECG preprocessing and analysis were performed with the Stressball software program (BioSign GmbH, Ottenhofen, Germany). The RMSSD time domain measure was calculated as HRV index. Clinical outcome measures were the ADNM total score and the general self-efficacy scale (GSE). Results: Participants were well matched in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. ANOVA didn’t demonstrate significant time x group interaction effects neither for HRV parameters (HR, RMSSD) nor for psychological parameters (ADNM, GSE). Conclusion: Our findings do not indicate that HRV-biofeedback can increase HRV nor general self-efficacy in unemployed subjects with adjustment disorder. Implications for future studies are discussed.
Feb 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-16-1103
M. Chaudhary SanjeevCorresponding author
Associate Professor, Government Medical College,Gondia
Background : DOTS is the current international strategy for tuberculosis control endorsed by the World Health Organization and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. Maharashtra achieved full coverage under RNTCP in October 2003. The programme was launched in Nagpur in the last quarter of 2002. Three years after its launch, it is the ideal time to assess the performance of programme to identify the operational challenges. Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out in 'Sadar Tuberculosis Unit' of Nagpur Municipal Corporation with the objective to study performance of some aspects of RNTCP. Programme performance was explored through laboratory records review and non participant observations of all four designated microscopy centres. DOT centres were observed for accessibility, identifiability and the facilities provided to patients visiting for treatment. Performance of some operational aspects of RNTCP was assessed using standards, norms, procedures etc described in programme guidelines. Results: It was observed that the TB unit was manned with RNTCP- trained supervisory team. Three of four microscopy centres were established in multispecialty health facilities. Adequate space for sputum microscopy was available at two centres. Laboratory technician was available at three centres. Separate tables for smearing and staining were available at three centres. Sink, staining racks, spirit lamp, binocular microscope and drugs in patient - wise boxes were available in all four centres. Laboratory registers were completely and correctly filled in all centres. No false positive or false negative error was found in rereading of AFB smears. Conclusions: It is concluded that the performance of the programme at the unit is satisfactory. Still some aspects of the programme components need to be strengthened at microscopy centres for better performance of RNTCP.
Oct 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-16-1240
Kristoper P. de Guzman JanCorresponding author
Department of Neurology, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center
Background: Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) are characterized as pathologicalbehavioral patterns of excess impulsivity which may result as part of the non-motor complications of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These significantly affect the patient’s overall quality of life and have impact on their care givers, as well. Currently, the prevalence of ICDs among adult Filipino patients with Parkinson’s disease is unknown and less reported. Objectives: The study is intended to determine the prevalence of ICDs and its severityamong adult Filipino patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease seen at Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center. Specifically, this study will identify risk factors and the clinical correlates to these patients. Methods: Adult Filipino patients diagnosed withidiopathic Parkinson’s diseasewhowere seen at the outpatient department from March 2015 – September 2015 are screened for the study. The Modified Hoehn and Yahr staging was utilized to determine the stage of PD. With approval from the author, the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) was used for detecting the presence of ICDs and corresponding severity. Results: We were able to examine 66 patients (31 males and 35 females) withidiopathic Parkinson disease. Majority of the patients manifested with Tremor Dominant (50%) subtype, followed by Early Disease Onset (34.8%), and Non-Tremor Dominant (15.2%). Sixteen (16) out of 66 patients (24.2%) have ICD symptoms with the following incidence rates: hobbyism/ punding 56.25%, compulsive eating 50%, hypersexuality 18.75%, compulsive shopping 18.75, Dopamine dysregulation syndrome 18.75%, and gambling 12.5%. Overall average QUIP-RS score is 5.42. There is significant association of PD duration with occurrence of ICD symptoms; the longer the PD duration, the higher risk of having ICD symptoms (x2 20.41; p = 0.026). Patients with higher mean modified Hoehn and Yahr stage (2.66±0.94), t 2.735, df 64, p 0.008, have much higher incidence of ICD symptoms. Conclusion: Filipino patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease who are majority onlevodopa + carbidopa therapy may develop impluse control disorders (ICDs). Other contributory factors in development of ICDs include longer duration of PD and higher mean Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage.
Aug 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-15-750
Adam Thrasher TimothyCorresponding author
Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Background To quantify the underlying rhythmic patterns observed in surface electromyography (SEMG) in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), to compare rhythmicity of PD gait with normal gait, and to compare overground walking to treadmill gait. Methods Eight individuals with idiopathic PD, and ten individuals with no history of neurological disorders participated. SEMG was recorded from the vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscles bilaterally. Each participant performed two trials of overground walking and two trials of treadmill walking at a self-selected comfortable walking speed. SEMG was analyzed using a non-linear statistical model that identified underlying recurrent locomotor patterns, which estimated the relative contribution of central pattern generators to the observed muscle activation signals. An index of rhythmicity was determined from the statistic, R2. Results The rhythmicity of PD gait was significantly higher than that of normal gait (p = .0458). There was also a significant difference between the rhythmicity of overground walking and treadmill walking (p = .0097). Conclusions Individuals with PD appear to walk with muscle activation patterns that are more rhythmic than normal. This suggests that there is more stride-to-stride consistency, and there are fewer postural adjustments and responses to perturbations. We also found that treadmill gait was more rhythmic than overground walking. These findings, although preliminary, challenge the paradigm and current approach to gait retraining of patients with PD.
Jul 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-16-986
S Yarak,Corresponding author
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dermatology Department.
Abstract: Several researchers have suggested that a targeted diet for reducing theadipose tissue may interfere with the severity of cellulite. Others emphasize that the diet composition seems to play a more relevant role than the calorie profile for weight loss and cellulite control. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a controlled diet on body composition and cellulite improvement in adult women. Methods: Thirty two healthy women, aged from 25 to 40 were included. They receivedan orientation for a controlled diet to be followed for 3 months. Assessments were performed at the baseline and the end of the study which included four parameters: 1) Photonumeric cellulite severity scale; 2) Anthropometric measuremets 3) Skin elasticity (Cutometer®) and 4) Collagen density or echogenicity and length of the dermis-hypodermis interface line (ultrasonography - DermaScan®). The data was compared with the Paired T-test, Wilcoxon and Pearson's correlation for statistical analyses. Results: Only 14 completed the study. Although the scores of photonumeric scalereduced, there was no difference in the grade of cellulite severity. There were significant reductions in body measurement. The skin elasticity showed no significant change. On the other hand, the dermal density or echogenicity showed a significant increase in the right and left sides (p = 0.05 and p = 0.005, respectively); however, no difference was observed in the lenght of dermis-hypodermis line. Conclusion: the controlled diet was effective for the reduction of weight and body composition, but despite the increase in dermal collagen density, no clinical effect on cellulite could be detected.
Jul 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2329-9487.jhc-16-1020
Mungati MoreCorresponding author
Department of Community Medicine University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
Background: Hypertension is a public health problem with high mortality and morbidity globally. A rapid assessment of hypertensive patients at Harare Central Hospital Outpatients Department (OPD) in June 2013 revealed that 41% of patients had uncontrolled hypertension. We, therefore, explored the factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive patients at Harare Hospital. Methods: A one-on-one unmatched case-control study was conducted among 118 cases and 118 controls. A case was a person aged 18years and above on hypertensive treatment for ≥6months with mean Blood Pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90mmHg while a control was 18years and above on hypertensive treatment ≥6 months with mean BP<140/90mmHg. Interviews were used to collect information on socio-demographic, treatment, health system, condition, and patient-related factors. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Medication adherence was measured with Morisky medication adherence scale-8. Results: The median ages for cases were 49 years (IQR: 41-63) and 48 years (IQR: 42-62) for controls. Almost 57% were women with 23% living in rural areas. Most cases (94%) and controls (78%) added salt to meals. Rural women were less likely to have uncontrolled BP compared to urban women (OR=0.7; 95%CI: 0.35, 1.37). Lack of exercise, adding salt to meals and eating fruits/vegetables less than three times/week were associated with uncontrolled BP. Independent factors associated with uncontrolled BP were low adherence to medication, aOR 22.03 (95%CI: 9.10,53.5), receiving health education, aOR 0.24 (95%CI: 0.11 , 0.53), exercises aOR 0.33 (95%CI: 0.15,0.73) and on medical insurance aOR 2.69 (955CI: 1.12,6.44). Conclusions: Common risk factors for hypertension were associated with uncontrolled BP. Since these are modifiable factors there is a need to implement interventions that will encourage healthy living in this population to improve treatment outcomes.
Jun 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2572-5424.jgm-16-1028
H Baslow MorrisCorresponding author
Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is the highest concentration dipeptide present in brain. It is found primarily in neurons but its function is unclear. NAAG is synthesized by neurons from N-acetylaspartate and glutamate (Glu), maintained at mM concentrations and is released non-synaptically to extracellular fluid (ECF). NAAG is a non-excitatory form of Glu, and is targeted to the metabotropic group II Glu receptor 3 (mGluR3) on the surface of astrocytes. After docking with the receptor, Glu is released by the action of NAAG peptidase. Previously, it was shown for the first time that an NAAG-peptidase inhibitor reduced global cerebral blood flow (CBF) in mouse brain but did not affect their physical performance. Recently, it has been demonstrated that there are two separate systems involved in neurovascular coupling by astrocytes, one is a rapid focal phasic response providing energy for stimulation-induced neuronal activity, and the other a slower global tonic response providing energy for ongoing metabolic activities. Many neurovascular coupling mechanisms are known that regulate phasic changes in CBF, but how the brain accomplishes tonic control is unknown. In this paper we bring together two separate lines of inquiry, the decades’ long search for the function of NAAG, and the more recent search for the mechanism of tonic neurovascular control. Herein, we present evidence that NAAG is the neurovascular coupling agent that regulates tonic changes in CBF via the astrocyte mGluR3-NAAG peptidase connection.
Apr 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-15-704
Rott DavidCorresponding author
Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Leviev Heart Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Israel
Objective: Statins are highly effective medications for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular events. Their most common side effects are a variety of myopathic complaints, possibly due to reduced circulating Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels. We sought to determine whether CoQ10 supplementation decreases the rate of myalgia in patients with statin-related myalgia. Methods: Patients treated with a statin for clinical indications who reported statin induced myalgia were eligible. Patients were randomized to treatment with CoQ10 120 mg/day (17 patients) or placebo (20 patients) in a double-blind manner. Treatment was continued for 12 weeks. All patients were instructed to continue taking their prescribed statin as usual. Myalgia score was assessed before intervention and then weekly, for 12 weeks of therapy, using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Over 12 weeks of treatment, myalgia score gradually decreased in both the treatment group and placebo group to the same extent (from 6.2 to 3.3 in the treatment group and from 5.9 to 3.1 in the placebo group), without significant differences between the groups. No significant change was noted between the two groups in the number of patients tolerated statin therapy. Conclusions: CoQ10 does not appear to decrease the rate of myalgia when compared to placebo in patients with statin-related myalgia.
Jan 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-15-814
Farhadi MohammadCorresponding author
ENT –Head & Neck surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objective: The etiological factors for nasal polyps include infection, inflammation or an imbalance of a metabolic pathway. This study was designed to compare serum Helicobacter pyloriantibodies and H. pylori–DNAs between cases of nasal polyp and controls (nasal fracture). Patients and Methods: This case control study was carried out in ENT Department of Rasul Hospital in Tehran (2007-2008), upon nasal polyp tissues in 62 cases and inferior nasal turbinate mucosa in 25 controls. H. pylori–DNAs were searched by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum specific H. pylori antibodies (ELISA IgG and IgA). Comparative tests were performed for the 2 groups, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of cases and controls were 37.5 ± 13.7 and 31 ± 11.5 years, respectively. H. pylori–DNA was found in 32.3% (20/62) of the cases and 4% (1/25) of the controls (P value = 0.005). Serum H. pylori antibody (IgA) was found in 14.5% (9/62) of the cases and 4% (1/25) of the controls (P value = 0.27). However, previous immunity (IgG) was higher in 71% of the cases and 32% of the controls (P = 0.001). Conclusion: H. pylori infection may play a key role in the formation of nasal polyps. We recommend the PCR as the best method of searching for H. pylori infection. However, from the data obtained in this investigation it could not be determined whether or not H. pylori play a pathogenic role. Long-term antibiotics treatment in cases with nasal polyp, especially in cases with severe chronic rhinosinusitis where patients do not respond to surgery or steroids, may be useful. More randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies are necessary to validate the role of H. pylori infection in nasal polyp and the effect of antibiotics for eradication of H. pylori infection.
Dec 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-15-776
B. Fung EllenCorresponding author
Department of Hematology at the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, Oakland, CA
Background: Patients with Thal (Thalassemia) are presumed to be inactive for many of the same reasons as healthy adults, though there are limited published data to support this claim. The primary aim of this study was to compare physical activity patterns in subjects with Thal to healthy controls as well as to explore the effects of transfusion therapy on physical activity in transfusion dependent patients with Thal. Methods: 37 Thal (23 Thal major, 14 Thal intermedia, 21 Female, 27.3±10.1 years) and 30 healthy controls (17 Female, 28.0 ± 13.7 years) wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for one to two weeks. Results: Thal subjects recorded a significantly fewer total number of steps per day and lower total energy expenditure compared to healthy controls (p=0.001). None of the adult Thal subjects met the recommended 10,000 steps/day as opposed to 27% of healthy adult controls (p=0.004). Thal spent significantly less time in moderate (p=0.03) to vigorous (p=0.005) activities and more time in sedentary activity (p=0.006). Conclusion: It is now clear that Thal spend significantly less time in physically demanding activities than age-matched healthy controls, a result that has long been assumed though not previously documented. Further research is needed to define an appropriate physical activity regimen best suited for patients with Thal while examining its effect on mental and physical health.
Jan 2013 DOI 10.14302/issn.2328-0182.japst-12-99
C Korte WolfgangCorresponding author
Center for Laboratory Medicine, St. Gallen;
To date, platelet aggregation studies have not been formally evaluated in persons receiving Etodolac, a preferential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Our purpose was to investigate the influence of Etodolac in therapeutic (analgesic) doses (300 mg every 12h) on platelet aggregation as compared to placebo in healthy volunteers. Platelet aggregation, the primary efficacy variable in this trial, was performed according to the Born method with platelet rich plasma; it was evaluated as maximal platelet aggregation induced by 3 substances (adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, collagen); each of these substances was used at 3 different concentrations. No significant difference in platelet aggregation as assessed by Born aggregometry was seen in volunteers treated with etodolac or placebo. Etodolac - applied in regular analgesic doses to volunteers - does not show an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and therefore seems an attractive analgesic substance for the perioperative setting.
May 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2578-8590.ipj-26-6121
Bitsch Poulsen MariaCorresponding author
Aims Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is currently an untreatable progressive complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Impaired microcirculation is a suspected cause of nerve degeneration in TID. We investigated whether cardiovascular autonomic reflexes often used as indices of nerve functions, are associated with indices of microcirculatory function in young adults with T1D compared with non-diabetic controls. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 15 adults with T1D and 15 age-matched controls (20-40 years) underwent standardized cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests. Continuous recordings of electrocardiogram, cardiac vagal tone, beat-to-beat blood pressure and transcutaneous tissue oxygen (tcpO₂) and carbon dioxide partial pressures (tcpCO2) were done. Results Despite preserved baroreflex, parasympathetic, and sympathetic functions assessed using cardiovascular reflex tests, the individuals with T1D exhibited reduced baseline tcpO2 compared to the controls (37.5±3.75 vs. 49.6 mmHg). During the Valsalva manoeuvre, individuals with T1D exhibited a reduced systolic blood pressure response in phase I (31±10 vs. 43±18 mmHg) and early phase II (-1±15 vs. -18±17 mmHg), and an increased systolic (31±15 vs. 18±14 mmHg) and diastolic (45±11 vs. 33±16 mmHg) response in late phase II compared to controls. The early phase II diastolic response was inversely associated with baseline tcpO2. Conclusion The altered hemodynamic response to the Valsalva manoeuvre is suggestive of possible reduced arterial elasticity, higher vascular resistance, and splanchnic sympatho-vagal imbalance in T1D despite normal autonomic reflex ratios. The concomitant evidence of reduced tissue oxygenation and altered hemodynamics may represent early signs of dysautonomia but require longitudinal validation.
May 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-2232.jf-26-6197
Jana SnehasisCorresponding author
Background The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural practices has led to the exploration of non-traditional methods to enhance crop yield and resilience. Spiritual Blessings (Biofield) Energy Treatment (SBET), a form of consciousness-driven energy healing, is increasingly being investigated for its potential to modulate biological systems at the cellular and molecular levels without use of chemical additives Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of SBET on the growth characteristics and overall productivity of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Methods The study was conducted using a controlled experimental design, where seeds and plots were divided into two groups: control and treated. The treated group received a remote SBET by a recognized practitioner, while the control group remained untreated. Both groups were maintained under identical environmental conditions (soil, water). Parameters such as germination rate, plant height, leaf area index, and total fruit yield were monitored over a full growth cycle. Results Results showed that plant height, number of branches, and total number of leaves per plant were significantly improved by 35.14% (p ≤ 0.001), 41.64% (p = 0.011), and 49.01% (p = 0.029), respectively, in the treatment group compared to the control group. Additionally, fruit length and total fruit yield (tons per hectare) were significantly increased by 39.68% (p = 0.002) and 15.92%, respectively, in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion Exposure of SBET significantly improved both vegetative and reproductive development, yielding substantial increases in plant height, branching, and leaf production.
Apr 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-9467.jgrc-26-6123
Jana SnehasisCorresponding author
The objective of this study was to improve the growth and yields of bottle gourd plants after exposure with spiritual blessing energy treatment (SBET) to the seeds and land. Twenty-one morphological traits of leaves, fruit, seed, and twenty-eight phenological parameters were employed to evaluate bottle gourd’s growth and yields after SBET. Results of bottle gourd showed a diversifiable characteristic of leaves, fruits, and seeds. Nine qualitative traits exhibited with distinct differences in the biofield-energy treatment group compared to the control. At harvest, growth-related phenological parameters such as plant vine length, number of branches, internodal length, and leaf width were significantly improved in the treatment group by 65.43% (p ≤ 0.001), 51.78% (p ≤ 0.01), 49.40% (p ≤ 0.001), and 40.82% (p ≤ 0.001), respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, yield-related parameters such as number of female flowers, number of fruits per vine, and fruit yield per hectare were significantly increased by 47.73% (p ≤ 0.05), 26.52% (p ≤ 0.001), and 38.99% (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, with respect to the control. With distinct qualitative variations and high statistical significance, these results suggest that SBET may serve as a potent non-traditional intervention for optimizing phenological development and agricultural output of bottle gourd.
Apr 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2640-6403.jtrr-26-6077
Kalmeta MargaretCorresponding author
Delayed wound healing in diabetes is characterized by impaired angiogenesis, persistent inflammation, extracellular matrix dysregulation, and peripheral neuropathy. A preclinical study was conducted using a diabetic mouse delayed wound model to evaluate the surrounding tissue of a wound, (its periwound) and its tissue responses following treatment with the NerveStim™ Neuropathy System, a combination topical gel and neuromuscular electrical stimulation platform. Periwound tissue was harvested at Day 14 and analyzed using NanoString gene expression profiling. Treated animals demonstrated visibly increased periwound tissue thickness compared to untreated controls. Differential expression analysis identified 76 significantly upregulated and 17 downregulated genes. Upregulated pathways included angiogenesis (Vegfa, Fgf2, Pdgfb, Nos3), neurotrophic signaling (Ngf, Bdnf, Scn9a, Trpv1), macrophage polarization (Arg1, Mrc1, Il10), and extracellular matrix remodeling (Col1a1, Col3a1, Mmp9, Timp1). Downregulation of select pro-inflammatory mediators (Nos2, Mif) was observed. These coordinated transcriptional changes are consistent with activation of reparative immune, neurovascular, and matrix remodeling pathways in diabetic periwound tissue.
Mar 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-2232.jf-26-6051
Jana SnehasisCorresponding author
Objective Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a widely consumed vegetable. This study aimed to assess the impact of spiritual blessing (biofield) energy treatment (S/BET) known as the Trivedi Effect® on a plant’s growth and yield when applied to both seeds and soil. Methods Seeds were split into two groups: an untreated control group (CONBIGG) and a BET-group (BTBIGG). Soil texture was checked by hand, and mineral contents were measured using standard procedures. An experienced scholar noted plant morphological, phenological, and yield-related parameters. Results The S/BET group showed improvements in stem length, fruit colour, and seediness compared to the control. Other phenological parameters, such as vine length (38.78 %; p ≤ 0.001), branch number (54.03 %; p ≤ 0.01), inter-nodal length (42.94 %; p ≤ 0.001), fruit length (33.27 %; p ≤ 0.001), seed length (40.32 %; p ≤ 0.001), seeds per fruit (52.50 %; p ≤ 0.001), and fruits per vine (66.88 %; p ≤ 0.001), were significantly increased in the BTBIGG group compared to the CONBIGG. Yield per hectare rose by 61.31 % in the S/BET group compared to the control. Conclusion The study results suggest that the spiritual blessing/prayers/BET-Trivedi Effect® significantly improved morphological, phenological, and yield-related parameters compared to the control group. This study provides useful scientific research data and information for producing stable, high-quality bitter gourds.
Jan 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-612X.ijpr-25-5920
Aikaterini ΚoutroukiCorresponding author
The present study examines the effectiveness of Cognitive-Analytic Therapy (CAT) in women diagnosed with breast cancer and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on reducing PTSD symptomatology and improving their mental health state (depression, self-esteem, post- traumatic growth, quality of life, therapeutic alliance). Additionally, the investigation includes the determination of the demographic, socio-economic and medical factors’ impact on mental health indicators in women with breast cancer and PTSD. The sample was 188 women with breast cancer and PTSD at the Chemotherapy Unit of ‘Agios Andreas’ General Hospital in Patras. The questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis in order to determine any statistically significant correlations between the experimental and the control group and between psychological scales and the demographic and socio-economic factors. The findings confirm the effectiveness of CAT in women with breast cancer and PTSD in reducing PTSD and depressive symptoms, improving self-esteem and quality of life, achieving greater post-traumatic growth, and fostering a better therapeutic relationship with the therapist. The demographic, socio-economic and medical factors examined affected dissimilarly each psychological scale, as statistically significant associations were found with some scales but not with others.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2643-2811.jmbr-25-5731
Mukeredzi InnocentCorresponding author
Background Typhoid fever remains a significant public health issue in Harare City, Zimbabwe, exacerbated by recurrent outbreaks between 2018 and 2020. Key challenges, including inadequate water supply and sanitation infrastructure, high population density, and limited healthcare access, have intensified the disease burden. Understanding the key transmission drivers and assessing the impact of various interventions are essential for informing policy and health strategies. Objectives This study aimed to: 1: To predict future trends in typhoid fever cases Harare City typhoid hot areas. 2: To develop a mathematical model to simulate the spread of typhoid fever incidence under different intervention scenarios and recommend evidence-based strategies for reducing the disease burden in Harare City. Methods A dynamic compartmental SIR-based model, adapted from the Pitzer Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) framework, was employed to simulate disease transmission. This model accounted for both short-cycle (human-to-human) and long-cycle (environmental) transmission pathways. Data from Harare City (2018–2020) were used for model calibration and forecasting, and sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of different intervention levels. Findings The model identified inadequate sanitation, contaminated water sources, and low health- seeking behaviors as primary drivers of typhoid transmission. In the absence of interventions, the model projected a sustained high rate of transmission. However, treatment and WASH interventions could reduce the disease burden by 50–60%, while combined strategies incorporating vaccination and education led to an 80% reduction in cases. Sensitivity analysis indicated that treatment and WASH interventions were particularly impactful at moderate coverage levels. Conclusion Mathematical modeling effectively demonstrated the multifactorial drivers of typhoid fever transmission in Harare. Integrated interventions that combine WASH, vaccination, treatment, and education present the most promising approach for long-term control of the disease. The findings offer a solid, data-driven foundation for public health decision-making and resource allocation.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-24-5295
G. Verzhuk V.Corresponding author
The present study of the reproductive ability of currant and gooseberry hybrids after long-term cryopreservation of pollen in liquid nitrogen is of enormous importance for organizing the conservation of the diversity of this crop. Four distant interspecific hybrids of currant and gooseberry served as objects of the study. The pollen fertilizing ability was studied by pollination of allotetraploid Jošta with pollen of tetraploid hybrids stored for a year at ultra-low temperatures (–196°C) and freshly collected pollen (control pollination). Berry set in 2022, when pollinated with cryopreserved pollen, averaged 56.4% and was higher than in the control pollination (38.2%). In 2023, the number of berries set on average for all cross combinations in the experiment was also quite high (59.6%), but lower than in the pollination control (81.4%), which can be explained by unfavorable weather conditions during pollen collection in the year of establishment (2022). The obtained data specify that pollen of the allotetraploids does not lose its high fertilizing ability during its long-term cryopreservation. Berry setting, average berry weight and seed production are quite high and comparable to pollination with freshly collected pollen (control pollination variant). Seed germination and values of morphometric parameters of seedlings obtained from pollination with cryopreserved and freshly collected pollen in most cases have close values. Cryopreservation of pollen of currant-gooseberry hybrids for a year and more allows to preserve pollen for successful pollination and berry formation and is a reliable way to preserve germplasm.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2768-5209.ijen-25-5602
Lassaad MdellelCorresponding author
Chemical insecticides have been the primary method used by farmers to control pests. However, their negative environmental impacts, harmful effects on beneficial insects and human health, and prohibition in organic farming systems have driven the search for natural alternatives with insecticidal properties. These alternatives provide a safer and more sustainable way to control insect pests. Medicinal plants and their constituents play an important role in pest management. For example, ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts contain bioactive compounds with insecticidal activities. The objective of this work was to track the population of the green peach aphid (Myzuspersicae) on pepper crops in a greenhouse, identify the active ingredients in ginger extracts, and evaluate the insecticidal effects of three concentrations of ginger-derived aqueous and essential oil extracts against M. persicae on pepper plants under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results demonstrate that M. persicae grows rapidly on pepper crops under greenhouse conditions, reaching high densities on leaves. The ginger extract contains two active ingredients with insecticidal effects against this pest. The significant reduction in aphid (M. persicae) populations indicates that Z. officinale aqueous extract (150 mL/L) and essential oil (2 mL/L) have strong potential for the biological control of this pest under greenhouse conditions. Thus, the use of ginger plant extract emerges as a promising alternative for reducing M. persicae infestations on pepper plants.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2768-5209.ijen-24-5325
G.W MbauCorresponding author
Strawberry is a commercially important crop which has gained global significance in terms of production and consumption. The strawberry farmers have been faced with economic losses due to attack from arthropod and phytophagus pests. To overcome this challenge, management of pests is important with reduced impact on beneficial organisms and the environment. Use of non-chemical approaches as an alternative to insecticide driven management is highly gaining popularity. Identification of the non-chemical production for management of strawberry pest such as entomopathogenic fungi and botanicals is critical. The need for compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi in crop production techniques with other insecticides to enhance efficacy is required. The interaction between these control agents could be synergistic, additive or even antagonistic. Synergistic interactions usually lead to enhanced effectiveness of the microbial control agents while reducing the adverse effects of the pesticides in combination. In this review a description of the compatibility of entomopathogenic fungus Beauvaria bassiana and botanical neem in strawberry pest management is given. The experiment involved five treatments: Neemraj, Beauvitech, Neemraj and Beauvitech, Ampligo and control. These treatments were allocated in a completely Randomized design in two separate greenhouse setups one with soil and other with pumice. The treatments were replicated four times. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of the statistical analysis system (SAS) program, version 9.1. Tukey’s (HSD) test at P≤ 0.05 was used to separate significant means. The combination of Neemraj and Beauvitech was most effective in the management of pests in both hydroponics and soil grown media. Pest populations were reduced significantly as follows; thrips, Frankliniella spp 2.1, red spider mites Tetranychus species 11.5, tarnished plant bug Lygus species 3.0, there was 0% cricket Gryllus species damage and 0 number strawberry weevil in hydroponics cultures while in soil culture pest mean populations were: thrips 5.6, spider mites Tetranychus species 18.2, strawberry weevil (Otiorhynchus species) 7.0, tarnished plant bug 3.0 and there was 13.8% cricket Gryllus species damage on strawberry plants.
Dec 2025
Waine ArnoldCorresponding author
Background Intravenous Fluids use during surgery is a common practice for many reasons. However recent evaluation of perioperative abdominal surgery patients have poised many issues. Mostly on the type of fluid and quantity of volume usage on major abdominal surgery. Many studies into this aspect of perioperative fluid usage have been done, and volume definition have been accrued either restrictive (Maintenance fluid of less than 1.75 Liters) or liberal or standard (Maintenance fluid between 1.75 Liters to 2.75 Liters) usage. The outcome was assessed to ascertain the best patient recovery without complications from the two fluid regime. Result/Discussion After PRISMA exclusion criteria, there were eight randomized control studies assessed to provide a summary, comparing all the studies using either restrictive fluid or liberal fluids used in major abdominal surgery. Post operative complications and the length of hospital stay were assessed as the major outcomes end points and the cumulative result favored those with restrictive fluid usage. Conclusion Although the restrictive use of fluids in abdominal surgery is favored from the measured outcomes, there are inherent cofounders and heterogenicity in the eight studies that require more detail studies involving multiple study centers and population.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2329-9487.jhc-25-5778
S Kallistratos ManolisCorresponding author
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are widely used for the treatment of arterial hypertension, but they differ in terms of pharmacology, tolerability, and pleiotropic actions. Lercanidipine, a highly lipophilic third generation dihydropyridine, reduces blood pressure (BP) effectively as monotherapy and in combination without inferiority to other major antihypertensive classes. We systematically searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library (last update: September 1, 2025) and screened reference lists for additional studies. Evidence from dose finding trials, randomized controlled studies, large observational cohorts, and meta analyses shows clinically meaningful reductions in office, home, and ambulatory BP with lercanidipine, including in patients with diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, or high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Fixed- dose combinations with renin angiotensin system blockers (e.g., enalapril) provide greater BP reductions than monotherapy and are associated with favorable neurometabolic profiles. Beyond BP control, lercanidipine improves central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness, favors endothelial biology, and contributes to left ventricular hypertrophy regression. Across comparative trials, lercanidipine is generally better tolerated than older dihydropyridines. Presents lower rates of vasodilatory adverse events, less sympathetic activation, while discontinuations due to adverse events are uncommon. Overall, lercanidipine particularly within single pill combinations offers effective, durable BP lowering across diverse patient profiles with a favorable safety and tolerability profile and pleiotropic benefits that extend beyond BP reduction. Figure 1. Graphical Abstract: Pleiotropic effects of Lercanidipine
Nov 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-25-5786
Ornelle Elion Assiana DarrelCorresponding author
In the Republic of the Congo, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern. Although the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is the WHO-recommended first-line diagnostic test, smear microscopy is still used for treatment monitoring and in facilities where molecular testing is limited. Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of smear microscopy compared to GeneXpert and MGIT culture is essential to guide diagnostic strategies and strengthen TB control in the country. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 92 presumptive pulmonary TB patients at Makelekele Hospital. Sputum samples were analyzed by smear microscopy, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, and MGIT culture. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated for smear microscopy and GeneXpert, using culture as the reference standard. Culture detected more Mycobacterium tuberculosis than microscopy (49% vs. 32%, P<0.001). Smear microscopy showed a sensitivity of 58% (95% CI: 43–71%) and specificity of 92% (95% CI: 80–97%). GeneXpert detected more MTB (62% vs. 49%, P<0.001) with a sensitivity of 98% (95% CI: 89–100%) and specificity of 72% (95% CI: 58–83%). GeneXpert showed superior sensitivity for TB detection, while microscopy remained specific. Expanding GeneXpert testing across the Republic of the Congo will improve TB management.
Nov 2025
Ryan AlexanderCorresponding author
Frequency neurofeedback (FNF) is a biofeedback method that targets frequencies between 1 and 50 Hz. The efficacy of FNF with autism has been labeled ‘probably efficacious’ in literature reviews in the last decade, despite new research pointing towards a higher standard. The aim of this review was to analyze key features of these studies, with a goal of determining the efficacy standard of FNF on autism and establishing a research direction. Electronic databases and literature reviews were used to collect a total of ten randomized and/or matched controlled trials. FNF reaches a Level 4 efficacy standard, with an impact on a broad range of factors including core autistic traits, social communication, emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, executive function, behaviors of concern, attention, metabolic or thermal activity, and EEG e.g. decreased absolute power, mu rhythm, coherence and hyperconnectivity. Current evidence generalizes to male children, up to 18 years, with a low-average or higher intellectual functioning, with autism as the only diagnosis. A meta-analysis suggests a large superior effect when compared to wait list controls. Current research does not meet the higher efficacy standards outlined by Arns et al. (2020). Small samples plague most studies, and the maintenance of improvements post-training are yet to be assessed adequately. Eight recommendations are made.
Oct 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-2232.jf-23-4883
Kaur SiratCorresponding author
Standardizing use of mepiquat chloride for higher productivity of densely planted Bt cotton variety” was carried out at the Regional Research Station, Abohar and Regional Research Station, Faridkot during the kharif season of 2021 on Btcotton variety PAU Bt3. The soil of experimental field was silty loam at Abohar and sandy loam at Faridkot. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four plant spacings (67.5×15 cm, 67.5×30 cm, 67.5×45 cm and 67.5×60 cm) as main plots and five Mepiquat chloride levels (MC (5%) @ 375 ml ha-1 at squaring, MC (5%) @ 375 ml ha-1 at flowering, MC (5%) @ 750 ml ha-1 at squaring, MC (5%) @ 750 ml ha-1 at flowering and after 15 days and Control (No MC)) as sub plots with three replications. Lowest plant density (67.5×60 cm) and MC (5%) @ 750 ml ha-1 at squaring resulted in significant reduction of plant height, LAI (Leaf Area Index) and dry matter as compared to control at both the locations. Higher boll retention and opened bolls were observed in 67.5×60 cm and MC (5%) @ 750 ml ha-1at flowering. There was no significant effect of both the treatments factors on node count, monopods and sympods. Highest seed cotton yield was obtained with 67.5 ×30 cm (at Abohar) and 67.5×15 cm (at Faridkot) although these two spacing levels were at par with each other. MC (5%) @ 750 ml ha-1 at flowering resulted in 22.9% and 21.3% increase in seed cotton yield over control at Abohar and Faridkot, respectively. Different plant spacings and mepiquat chloride applications showed a non-significant effect on different fibre quality parameters except halo length at Faridkot. At both the locations, highest B:C ratio was observed in 67.5×30 cm and MC @ 750 ml ha-1 at flowering.
Oct 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-3360.ijco-25-5740
Patricia Nava González LauraCorresponding author
Significance This case report describes the alternative management of hyperuricemia through acupuncture using the Luo Yuan technique. Case presentation A 53-year-old Mexican man was diagnosed with secondary hyperuricemia. The patient began to experience arthralgia in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the first toe on his left foot after consuming a high amount of purine-rich foods, with a 10-year history. The symptoms were sporadically controlled with the use of colchicine and indarzone. In a six-element blood chemistry test, serum uric acid was 8.7 mg/dL before acupuncture treatment and 8.3 mg/dL at the end of treatment, without applying dietary restrictions on purine consumption. Conclusions and relevance This report demonstrates the potential efficacy of acupuncture at the Luo and Yuan points of the Spleen and Stomach meridians in reducing elevated blood uric acid levels. This suggests its potential as an alternative treatment for patients with hyperuricemia and other metabolic disorders.
Oct 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2693-1176.ijgh-25-5729
Collins Adeyanju GbadeboCorresponding author
Background In sub-Saharan Africa, where many countries continue to experience high burdens of vaccine-preventable diseases, increasing immunization access have been a priority for the governments and international organizations such as Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. Over 40 Gavi-supported African countries have been impacted, with 364 million children reached and over US$5.7 billion disbursed, averting over 8.9 million child deaths. Despite this progress, the African region has struggled with immunization coverage due to various factors. Nevertheless, some African countries are transitioning out of Gavi support due to economic growth. However, many require strong political will to increase their expenditure on immunization. This study therefore aims to understand the factors influencing immunization performance and its relationship to public expenditure. Methods Data on 37 Gavi-eligible sub-Saharan African countries between 2006 and 2019 was obtained from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, the WHO and UNICEF Joint Reporting Form and the Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index. Descriptive immunization and health expenditure were analyzed using a panel regression of variables. DPT3 was used as an indicator of immunization uptake. The indicator for public expenditure on immunization per child was based on government spending on immunization divided by the number of children in the birth cohort. Results The average gross national income increased from US$639 to US$1,192 per capita, while government spending on immunization increased from US$1.7 to about US$4.5 per child. The findings show that there is a correlation between improved immunization financing, increased gross national income, reduced corruption, and improved immunization coverage. However, performance declines beyond a certain threshold when gross national income per capita increases. In addition, an English-speaking country effect was observed. Conclusions While improved immunization financing increases immunization coverage and constitutes an advocacy talking point, there is a need to understand why an increase in gross national income per capita does not translate into an improved immunization coverage. Key highlights Increasing national spending on immunization drives up the uptake of childhood vaccines. There is a threshold beyond which immunization coverage falls despite increased GNI. Controlling corruption increases immunization coverage tendency. French- and English-speaking countries’ immunization coverage differs. Immunization and health system financing have separate outcomes.
Aug 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-1937.ijbt-25-5540
Harry Fon MbachamCorresponding author
The rising need for structured and efficient blood transfusion services in low-resource settings has driven the adoption of collaborative blood transfusion management systems (CBTMS). This study explores the functionality and impact of the Cornerstone University Blood Management System version 1.0 (CUBMS vs 1.0) in Cameroon. This study was an exploratory research design which used a system interface analysis, comparative case reviews from four countries, and literature synthesis, to reveal that CUBMS improves accessibility, data management, inventory control, emergency responsiveness, and community engagement. Despite infrastructural challenges in rural regions, the system can enhance efficiency, transparency, and safety in blood services. The success of CBTMS in Cameroon is linked to digital infrastructure, training, and culturally relevant community engagement. The Ministry of Public Health of Cameroon should prioritize the nationwide implementation of CBTMS, ensuring consistency in digital health tools.
Aug 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-25-5645
Beridze BerdiaCorresponding author
Purpose The objective of this prospective case-control study was to perform translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test 22 (SNOT-22) into the Georgian language. Methods The translation and validation of the SNOT -22 questionnaire was performed using the forward-backward translation technique. After proper translation, the translated questionnaire was completed by chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and by healthy individuals as controls. Results SNOT22 was translated into the Georgian language; the pilot study involved 34 patients, the test–retest group consisted of 30 patients with CRS and the control group of 71 patients without CRS complaints; 34 patients were evaluated before surgery and 3 months after surgery. The results showed a good internal correlation with Cronbach’s alpha - 0.88 at the initial examination, and 0.93 at the retest examination; both values suggest good internal consistency within SNOT-22. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.72 (p<0.001), revealing a good correlation between initial scores and retest scores. Our sample of healthy individuals had a median score of 10,11 points and the instrument was able to differentiate between the healthy and the patient group, demonstrating its validity (p<0.0001). Conclusions The Georgian version of the SNOT-22 questionnaire is a valid outcome measure for patients with CRS.
Aug 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.3066-8042.jac-25-5652
Amiri DavoudCorresponding author
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood is increasingly recognized not only as a psychiatric condition but also as a trait with behavioral and occupational implications—particularly in high-stakes, fast-paced financial environments. Traits such as impulsivity, sensation seeking, and altered reward sensitivity may influence decision-making among individuals engaged in stock trading or high-risk investment professions. Objective This systematic review and meta-analytic synthesis aims to investigate the relationship between ADHD, impulsivity, gender differences, and financial risk behavior, with a particular focus on decision-making outcomes in real or simulated trading contexts. Methods Seventeen peer-reviewed studies published between 2008 and 2025 were included. Studies employed behavioral experiments, fMRI paradigms, neurochemical analysis (e.g., glutamate levels), and ecological financial assessments to examine impulsive traits and investment behaviors among adults with and without ADHD. Both clinical samples and occupational cohorts (e.g., brokers, retail investors) were analyzed. The analysis followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results ADHD symptoms—particularly impulsivity and reward hypersensitivity—were associated with increased delay discounting, higher risk-taking, and diminished cognitive control in financial tasks. Neuroimaging data revealed hypoactivation in prefrontal control regions and hyperactivation in reward-related circuits (e.g., ventral striatum). Gender-stratified analyses showed that males with ADHD displayed stronger preference for immediate rewards, higher portfolio turnover, and greater volatility. Preliminary evidence also suggests an overrepresentation of ADHD traits in high-frequency trading roles. Conclusion ADHD-related impulsivity significantly modulates financial risk behavior, particularly in high-stakes and fast-paced contexts such as trading. A convergence of behavioral, neurobiological, and ecological findings suggests that males with ADHD are disproportionately prone to rapid, high-risk financial decisions, whereas females may demonstrate greater regulatory control. These insights underscore the need for gender-sensitive interventions, occupational screening, and tailored psychoeducation. As financial environments become increasingly automated and fast-paced, understanding the neurocognitive vulnerabilities of individuals with ADHD may not only protect personal outcomes but also enhance systemic financial stability.
Jul 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-1937.ijbt-25-5616
N. Lubin LorraineCorresponding author
Objectives Blood transfusions in cardiac surgery are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to identify potential benefits of ANH in high-risk cardiac surgery. Design This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Setting The study was performed at a tertiary care university hospital. Participants 61 patients who underwent complex cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled in the study. Measurements and Main Results After randomization, 32 patients were assigned to the ANH arm, and 29 patients were assigned to the control group. ANH was associated with a lower incidence of total perioperative pRBC transfusion (0.6 ± 1.2 units vs 2.7 ± 6.8 units; p = 0.030/0.049). Total perioperative transfusion of all other fractionated blood products, including platelets (0.8 ± units vs 1.9 ± 2.4 units; p=0.010), cryoprecipitate (0.5 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 2.0; p=0.016) and FFP (0.5 ± 1.0 vs 2.3 ± 6.2 units; p=0.013), was significantly lower in the ANH group compared to controls. Participants in the ANH group received significantly fewer intraoperative transfusions of pRBC (0.4 ± 1.2 vs 2.6± 7.0 units; p=0.037), platelets (0.8 ± 1.2 units vs 1.9 ± 2.4 units; p=0.013, logtrans), FFP (0.4 ± 0.9 vs 2.5 ± 6.4 units; p=0.003) and cryoprecipitate (0.5 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 2.1 units; p=0.012, logtrans). With respect to secondary clinical outcomes, ANH participants had statistically shorter ICU (3.7 ± 1.9 vs 5.4 ± 3.6 days; p=0.020) and hospital (6.7 ± 2.1 vs 9.5 ± 7.7 days; p = 0.048) length of stays Conclusions ANH in complex cardiac surgical patients is safe and may be effective in reducing the allogenic blood product transfusion of PRBCs, FFP, platelets and cryoprecipitate in the perioperative period.
Jun 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-25-5560
Bai YeonCorresponding author
The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are well-known. Despite the legislative and systemic efforts to promote breastfeeding in South Korea, the nation’s current rate of exclusive breastfeeding (5.2%) during the infant’s first six months is alarming. Under the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study elicited the beliefs around exclusive breastfeeding commonly held by low-income women participating in NutriPlus, the community nutrition program. Using a convenient sampling method, online open-ended surveys were conducted with two program clinics in Seoul during spring of 2024. The survey included questions about their demography and beliefs regarding indirect theoretical constructs of the exclusive breastfeeding behavior by listing top three things that came to their mind. A total of 120 NutriPlus clients participated in this survey. Though 53.1% of postpartum women were breastfeeding, only 28.1% were breastfeeding exclusively. Based on most frequently mentioned beliefs, we classified them to behavioral, normative, and control beliefs under TPB. Modal behavioral beliefs were healthy babies (n=87) and mother-baby bonding (n=71) and feeding issues (n=96) and inconvenience resulting from the act of breastfeeding (n=86). Family members seemed to shape both positive (n=122) and negative (n=37) normative beliefs. The presence of support (n=84) mattered to facilitate breastfeeding, while feeding issues (n=98) played as barriers. Promotion efforts need to emphasize breastfeeding knowledge and skill building and include family members and society at large to improve the awareness and transform barriers of breastfeeding to facilitators.
May 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-25-5495
Mekonnen Adare ZenebeCorresponding author
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a vital food security crop cultivated in South and South-western parts of Ethiopia. However, enset production and the farming families have been threatened by Xanthomonas wilt and its spread in the farming system. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the soil fertility and plant management practices association on the incidence of Enset Xanthomonas wilt. Data on soils fertility and diseases from enset based farming clustered into inner, outer and outfield farm zone were sampled and surveyed. The result indicated that soil chemical properties significantly (p≤0.05) varied from inner to outfield farm zone. Significantly maximum nutrients store revealed in inner enset farm zones. Disease incidence reduced from inner to the outfield enset farm zone. Disease prevalence and disease incidence scored 28.5% and 11.6%, respectively depending on altitude and genotypes. Soil fertility levels in the enset inner and outfield plots were varied purposely to cultivate enset products as kocho, bulla or amicho (cooking type). The variations in soil fertility and Xanthomonas wilt incidence was associated with management practices applied for desired enset products. Therefore, management practices in enset based farming, soil fertility and location of enset planting zones found to be major indicators for disease incidence addressing to device control interventions.
Mar 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2693-1176.ijgh-25-5429
O. Makanjuola RasheedCorresponding author
Malaria and bacteraemia are significant public health concerns and economic threats. In Africa, the intensity for simultaneous transmission and co-infection of Plasmodium spp and other bacteria pathogens are extremely high. It is believed that malaria suppress the immune system and enable the translocation of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract to other cellular compartments in the body. Some of the factors that contributed to the co-emergence of these pathogens are poor access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), poor infection control measures, inefficient health care systems. In addition, the similarities in the clinical signs and symptoms of these febrile diseases and the fact that the etiologic diagnostic testing can be complex, costly, and limited are the reasons why clinicians in resource-constrained setting often prescribe antibiotics empirically prior to or without laboratory testing to prevent severe outcomes in any patient hospitalized with malaria. However, this indiscriminate use of antibiotics has been identified as the driving force for antibiotic resistance, which is already at alarming rate in malaria endemic nations. In developed countries where malaria had been previously eradicated, there are increasing reports of imported malaria with concurrent bacteraemia. In this review, we emphasized the role of malaria in the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the fact that eliminating malaria in Africa is one of the best strategies to address the emergence and the global spread of multi-drug resistance organisms.
Jan 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2694-2283.jsem-24-5363
Harries SophieCorresponding author
Physiological performance may be limited by reduced systemic glucose availability to working muscles. Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) measure interstitial glucose every 1-15 minutes, offering a practical way to assess glucose during sporting activity. However, empirical research has predominantly focused on endurance-based sports, whereas glucose responses during professional competitive football matches remain unknown. This study evaluated the feasibility and utility of CGM in professional football. Eight professional, male outfield footballers from the English third tier participated in the study. Participants completed a 14-day food diary control period, followed by a 28-day observation period wearing CGM devices during six matches and sixteen training sessions. CGM devices remained in situ for 98% of training sessions and matches. Mean glucose concentrations were 6.5 ± 1.2 mmol/L during training sessions, 7.5 ± 2.1 mmol/L during match play, and 5.4 ± 0.3 mmol/L overnight. No significant differences were found between glucose concentrations during match play (p = 0.060) or training (p = 0.510), compared to overnight fasted glucose concentrations. There was also no difference between training and match-play glucose concentrations (p = 0.788). Glucose concentrations were highly individualised, with one player displaying minimal change throughout match play (-0.2 mmol/L) whereas another experienced increases of up to 5.8 mmol/L. Non-nutritional factors appeared to influence glucose concentrations; participants (n=3) who used nicotine pouches displayed an transient increase in blood glucose in the 10-55 minutes after administration. This study concludes that CGM use in professional football is feasible for assessing individual glucose responses to training and match-play.
Sep 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2694-2275.jzr-24-5256
O. Henderson JeffreyCorresponding author
Stimulating precocious metamorphosis in anuran larvae is an important pedagogical tool for understanding vertebrate development. However, historically, artificially provoking metamorphosis by immersing tadpoles in exogenous inducing agents (e.g., thyroxine, and iodine) compromises the longevity of the experimental animals, resulting in up to 100% mortality within a week. In our undergraduate teaching lab, we house our experimental tadpoles in circular glass dishes having a surface area of 182 cm2. Over the past four academic years this lab was performed, we observed 100% mortality of experimental animals within 10, 12, or 15 days when treated with 10-5 M, 10-6 M, or 10-7 M thyroxine, respectively. Here, we investigated whether increasing the surface area to 413 cm2 using square glass dishes would reduce the mortality of the treated animals. Omnibus Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrates a statistically significant decrease in mortality in tadpoles reared in the larger square dishes compared to those housed in the smaller round dishes (P < 0.05). However, increasing the surface area of our reaction vessels could not rescue survivability of those tadpoles immersed in thyroxine, but did increase survivability of control tadpoles maintained in pond water (P < 0.01), tadpoles subjected to iodine (P < 0.05) or treated with actinomycin D (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that increasing available reaction vessel surface area reduces overall tadpole mortality during chemically modified metamorphosis in an undergraduate teaching lab setting.
Sep 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2644-1101.jhp-24-5247
Rakovic DejanCorresponding author
Nikola Tesla's visions and inventions realized in his controlled altered states of consciousness were considered previously as manifestations of his meditative insights within an extended framework of quantum-holographic macroquantum correlations of individual & collective consciousness. This Tesla-inspired paper now focuses on related psychosomatic aspects of quantum entropy & entanglement, and consequences on the usually observable biological arrow of time & spiritual-informational time reversal. Finally we discuss spiritual-informational implications for free will and individual and collective consciousness reprogramming.
Sep 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2577-137X.ji-24-5207
Olutola AyodotunCorresponding author
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a major challenge to global efforts to control the pandemic, particularly in Nigeria, where hesitancy to other effective vaccines such as polio and measles has been widely reported. Several individual, societal, and structural factors contribute to this behaviour and prevent the effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention efforts. Objectives This study sought to identify the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the seven states of North-Central, Nigeria. Methods A population-based cross-sectional online survey was conducted among residents using a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO SAGE vaccine hesitancy scale and distributed via social media networks over 8-weeks. Results A total of 1,429 responses met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Among the respondents, 60.7% were males, 47.5% were between the ages of 26 and 45, and 80.1% had postsecondary education. A total of 421 respondents (29.5%) were hesitant and unwilling to receive the vaccine. The reasons for hesitancy were concerns about side effects (37.1%), doubt about the existence of COVID-19 (11.0%), and the perception of time required to receive the vaccine (9.6%). Post-secondary education (AOR: 0.49, 0.36-0.66) and people of the Islamic faith (AOR: 0.68, 0.52-0.90) were found to be associated with lower levels of hesitancy. Conclusion The study found that vaccine hesitancy is a complex problem that is linked with multiple social determinants of health as lower educational attainment, lower income and Christian faith were found to be predictors of vaccine hesitancy. Confidence, Complacency and Convenience factors were expressed by respondents as concerns about side effects, doubt about the existence of COVID-19 and time required to receive the vaccines were the most prominent reasons for unwillingness to receive the vaccine. In order to protect the public health of communities, targeted interventions are required to increase vaccine acceptance by cultivating trust in vaccines, disseminating accurate information, and engaging with community stakeholders including religious groups.
Sep 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5195
Mutile Kavai SusanCorresponding author
The persistence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is a challenge especially in regions where typhoid is endemic. Surveillance of circulating genotypes of MDR S. Typhi is crucial in typhoid acute cases and carriers. This study aimed to investigate genotypic diversity of S. Typhi from symptomatic and asymptomatic children in endemic settings in Nairobi, Kenya. Symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals’ ≤ 16 years were recruited at four health facilities and tested for typhoid through stool cultures. The S. Typhi isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing to investigate multidrug resistance. The MDR S. Typhi isolates’ DNA was extracted and illumina sequenced. Raw reads were de novo assembled and analyzed by pathogen-watch. From the 90 sequenced isolates, 60 (67%) were confirmed to be S. Typhi (sequence Type 1 and genotype 4.3.1). Out of the 60 S. Typhi strains; 39 (65%) had plasmids, from these 38 (97%) had IncHI1 plasmids alone. Out of the 60, 59 (98%) S. Typhi isolates had blaTEM-1D. Point mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to quinolones were detected in 42 (70%) of S. Typhi isolates, from these; 14 (33%) had gyrA S83Y , and 28 (67%) gyrB S464F genes, respectively. This study reports 4.3.1 (H58) as the most dominant S. Typhi genotype responsible for spread of MDR phenotypes carried on IncHI1 plasmids. Presence of MDR S. Typhi with resistance genes such as blaTEM-1Dand reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin especially among asymptomatic individuals, reiterates the need for use of typhoid conjugate vaccine among vulnerable children as a control and prevention measure against typhoid.
Jul 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-24-5146
C SteffenCorresponding author
Dietary intake of inorganic phosphates is linked to various adverse health effects. Excessive intake of highly soluble inorganic phosphates, which are used as feed and food additives, have been found to impair parameters of kidney health. As chronic kidney disease represents one of the most frequently occurring terminal diseases especially in cats, extensive knowledge regarding the safety of these additives is important. Other minerals, such as calcium, can modulate their effects on the phosphate homeostasis and kidney health. Therefore, it is crucial to examine further factors, such as the dietary cation-anion balance (CAB), resulting from the concentrations of major minerals in a diet. In this study, eleven healthy cats were fed a control diet and two diets with added sodium monophosphate (NaH2PO4) with either a low (-10 mmol/kg dry matter) or high (+450 mmol/kg dry matter) CAB for 28 days each. The serum concentrations of phosphate and parameters of phosphate homeostasis were determined in the fasting and postprandial blood samples next to the apparent digestibility and retention of phosphate and calcium. The diet with positive CAB led to an increase of serum phosphate and the phosphatonin FGF23, apparently digested phosphate, and phosphate retention. This is further proof that source and amount of phosphates in a diet are not the only determinants of the extent of potential adverse health effects. Until the interactions between inorganic phosphates and other dietary compounds are fully understood, recommendations regarding the safe use of phosphate containing additives in pet food are precarious.
May 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2998-4122.jlr-24-4985
Wondemagegne EliasCorresponding author
Despite a large number of studies examining syntactic features that are predictive of second language (L2) writing quality, assessed by human raters at the university level, few have systematically investigated this link using a large set of indices in the foreign language learning (EFL) classroom context. The current study sought to determine the extent to which a variety of syntactic complexity and sophistication indices are associated with and may predict writing quality by analyzing 30 argumentative essays written by undergraduate EFL students in an Ethiopian university classroom setting. To represent syntactic complexity as a multidimensional construct, we used conventional absolute measures, fine-grained clausal and phrasal indices, and newly proposed sophistication indices related to the use of verb argument constructions (VACs) indexed by TAASSC (Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Syntactic Sophistication and Complexity; 17. Essays were graded, and five separate predicted models of writing quality were created utilizing each complex feature index and all of the measures. Robust predictors of writing quality were identified at both syntactic complexity and sophistication dimensions. Regression analyses showed that the combined model including both fine-grained clausal complexity and VAC-based indices could account for 53.6% of the variance (the largest amount of variance in the study) in writing scores. The finding indicates that the inclusion of diversified adverbial modifiers and nonfinite clauses such as modal auxiliaries controlled by less frequent verbs were predictive of higher-quality writing. These findings shed light on some characteristics of L2 learners' writing growth and enable us to draw pedagogical implications for teaching and assessing writing in the Ethiopian EFL context.
May 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2998-1506.jpa-24-5058
Shrestha SwatiCorresponding author
Wheat is a staple grain crop in the United States and around the world. Weed infestation, particularly grass weeds, poses significant challenges to wheat production, competing for resources and reducing grain yield and quality. Effective weed management practices, including early identification and targeted herbicide application are essential to avoid economic losses. Recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and artificial intelligence (AI), offer promising solutions for early weed detection and management, improving efficiency and reducing negative environment impact. The integration of robotics and information technology has enabled the development of automated weed detection systems, reducing the reliance on manual scouting and intervention. Various sensors in conjunction with proximal and remote sensing techniques have the capability to capture detailed information about crop and weed characteristics. Additionally, multi-spectral and hyperspectral sensors have proven highly effective in weed vs crop detection, enabling early intervention and precise weed management. The data from various sensors consecutively processed with the help of machine learning and deep learning models (DL), notably Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) method have shown superior performance in handling large datasets, extracting intricate features, and achieving high accuracy in weed classification at various growth stages in numerous crops. However, the application of deep learning models in grass weed detection for wheat crops remains underexplored, presenting an opportunity for further research and innovation. In this review we underscore the potential of automated grass weed detection systems in enhancing weed management practices in wheat cropping systems. Future research should focus on refining existing techniques, comparing ML and DL models for accuracy and efficiency, and integrating UAV-based mapping with AI algorithms for proactive weed control strategies. By harnessing the power of AI and machine learning, automated weed detection holds the key to sustainable and efficient weed management in wheat cropping systems.
May 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-24-5032
M. Akinseye FolorunsoCorresponding author
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of different sorghum varieties to micro-dosing fertilization strategies on yield and yield traits, as well as the impact on nitrogen fertilizer and water use efficiency (NUE and WUE). In addition, the benefit-cost ratio of sorghum cultivation under different fertilization strategies in the Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria was analyzed. The experiment included eight fertilizer micro-application strategies as well as two control and three sorghum varieties. Our results showed that most agronomic indicators differed significantly between years, varieties, and fertilization strategies. However, the application of 100g hill-1 poultry manure plus 3g NPK hill-1 resulted in the highest average grain yield > 2000 kg ha-1 at both study sites (BUK and Minjibir). This means that the grain yield is 86% and 132% higher than the average grain yield with zero fertilization. There were extremely significant differences between NUE and WUE fertilization strategies and varieties at the two sites. At BUK and Minjibir, NPK applied with 3 g of hill-1 had the highest NUE with an average of 37.6 and 40 kg grain/kg N. Application of 100 g of poultry manure plus 3g of NPK hill-1 resulted in the highest average WUE of 6.1 and 5.6 kg grain/mm for BUK and Minjibir, respectively. BUK (3.2) and Minjibir (3.6) had the highest net income and benefit-to-cost ratios when applying 3 grams of NPK per hill. The adoption of micro-dosing fertilization strategies by smallholder farmers provides a good opportunity to prevent long-term soil fertility limitations and thereby increase sorghum productivity and farmer incomes by recommending multiple-choice fertilization strategies for improved sorghum varieties.
Apr 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2997-2086.jfs-23-4651
Osama Siddiqui MuhammadCorresponding author
This article has been retracted on April 10, 2025. VIEW THE RETRACTION NOTICE (https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2997-2086.jfs-25-5857) Myelomeningocele (MMC), a class of spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, each year approximately 1,400 babies born in the United States have spina bifida. The disease manifests with the lack of skin and bone covering the caudal part of the spinal cord. The patient developing such a condition often develops lifelong impaired lower limb mobility accompanied by hydrocephalus, and urinary and bowel incontinence. The available interventions include prenatal and postnatal surgery to fuse the dura. Prenatal surgery performed before 26 weeks of gestation reduces the risk of death or the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting. It also enhanced results on a comprehensive index for mental and motor function. When compared to postnatal surgery, prenatal surgery reduces the manifestation of several secondary outcomes, including the degree of hindbrain herniation seen in the Chiari II malformation. Stem cell therapy for MMC on animal models of chick, ovine, and rodents with reported cases 15/63, 15, and 136, respectively, using human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs), Neural Stem Cells (NSCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) showed significant coverage of MMC defect and slight neurogenesis was also observed. With an understanding of medical literature about in-utero regenerative capacity, it is to be appreciated that placental stem cells surgically seeded within a biocompatible scaffold of the cell patches can play a part in alleviating the spinal cord manifestation associated with MMC. Documented animal studies show that incorporating Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells in prenatal surgery has reported improved neurogenesis and lower limb mobility. In an ovine myelomeningocele model, the development of in-utero myelomeningocele repair with human Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells seeded onto an extracellular matrix (PMSC-ECM) enhances motor findings. The clinical trial for the first stem cell therapy on human subjects known as the “CuRe Trial: Cellular Therapy for In Utero Repair of Myelomeningocele.” is expected to be finished by 2030. So far, the cases undergoing treatment have shown significant leg movement and a greater degree of bowel and urinary control. This FDA-approved clinical trial is envisioned to be the future of treating MMC.
Apr 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-24-5044
Li ShujunCorresponding author
Objective To study changes of cell morphology in BALF in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods From December 2021 to May 2022, a group of 32 children diagnosed with Acute MPP and admitted for treatment in the Pediatrics Department and PICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were selected for our study. These patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage as part of their clinical assessment. For comparison, we included a control group comprising 10 children who were not infected but had bronchial foreign bodies. We investigated the cellular composition in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using Wright-Giemsa staining and microscopic evaluation, aiming to understand the relationship between shifts in cell proportions and extra-pulmonary symptoms associated with MPP. Results In this study, a total of 42 cases were enrolled, with 32 cases in the study group and 10 cases in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, height, weight, and BMI between the two groups (p > 0.05). The study group exhibited significantly higher levels of neutrophil percentage (GRA%), CRP, D-dimer, and LDH in blood routine tests compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the proportions of neutrophils (%) and macrophages (%) in BALF were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p< 0.05), while the proportion of lymphocytes (%) in BALF showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion In the acute phase of MPP in children, BALF is predominantly composed of neutrophils. A lower proportion of lymphocytes in BALF is associated with a higher incidence of extra-pulmonary manifestations and longer hospitalization duration.
Apr 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2994-6743.ijstd-24-5005
Khatoon Hossein Mehdi Poor NargisCorresponding author
Objectives This study examined the frequency and dynamics of syphilis in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) between 2018 and 2022. Recognizing the significance of understanding syphilis trends, this study intends to conduct further research on sexually transmitted diseases in the context of the UAE. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. This study focused on patients who underwent syphilis screening between January 2018 and December 2022. Cases were classified as conclusive only if they passed the first screening and subsequent confirmatory tests. Results The findings demonstrate that Syphilis frequency varied throughout the UAE during the study period. Demographic trends and sex variations were discovered, providing insight into how syphilis patterns change. Additionally, this study identified a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, confirming the complexity of the disease. It was also noted that males had a higher frequency of syphilis than females. Conclusion Understanding the complexity of the frequency of syphilis is critical for developing effective public health interventions. Variations in frequency, demographic trends, sex disparities, and clinical manifestations indicate the need for personalized preventive and control measures. This study provides important information that may be utilized to motivate focused initiatives to address the difficulties associated with syphilis in the UAE, thus enhancing overall public health.
Jan 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-23-4842
Wissam Younes SamerCorresponding author
Over the past 20 years, the number of persons with diabetes has more than doubled globally. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the connection between certain vitamins and diabetes. Diabetes patients have been found to have decreased amounts of certain antioxidant vitamins including A, C, and E, presumably as a result of the requirement to control oxidative stress brought on by problems with glucose metabolism. Retinol-binding protein has regulatory and adipocytokine function. Thiamine, pyridoxine, and biotin levels are also decreased in diabetics. Studies have shown that it restricts the absorption of several nutrients, such as vitamins B9 and B12, thus diabetics must frequently replenish these vitamins. Low vitamin D levels increase the risk of developing diabetes and associated complications, such as cardiovascular disease. Although some studies indicate that vitamin K supplementation can enhance glucose metabolism, it is not known if vitamin K supplementation can prevent or repair oxidative damage. Numerous studies have demonstrated the detrimental consequences of excessive vitamin supplementation. The association between a few nutrients—specifically, vitamins A, D, C, B3, B6, B9, Zn, B12, E, B1/K, and irons—and the already mentioned pathways implicated in diabetes—as well as their potential regulatory activity—will be analyzed in the review that follows.
Dec 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-6759.jpar-23-4764
Bekele DamtewCorresponding author
Helminth parasite infections in sheep are of major veterinary importance in many agro-ecological zones and are a primary factor in the productivity of sheep. The main objective of this study was to determine helminth parasites prevalence and their economic loss caused on sheep with its control approach at the study area. A cross-sectional study using a simple random sampling procedure was used to study helminth parasite identification at Gudaya Bila district during 2022 in two seasons of the year: winter (January - March) and summer (June - August). Out of 384 sheep chosen at random sampling from five Kebeles in the Gudaya Bila district (Welenelemu, Harogodisa, Chalejima, Hagelogidami, and Bila) that underwent flotation and sedimentation procedures, about 149 were infected by ay helminth parasites, with an overall prevalence 38.8%. Regarding the distribution of helimenth parasites at the class level, the prevalence was 13.9%, 11.7%, and 3.9% in trematoda, nematode, and cestoda, respectively. The helminth species that had highest prevalence were Fasciola species (19.5%), Haemonchus species (14.76%), Strongyloides species (10.74%), and Schistosoma species (9.4%), and those that had the least prevalence were Moniezia species (6.04%), Paramphistomum species (5.4%), Taenia species (4.02%), Nematodirus species (3.3%) and Trichostrongylus species (1.34 %). The summer season was favorable for helminths parasite transmission. The prevalence of helminths in the summer season was 98 (25.5%), and in the winter season it was 51 (13.3%). The study shows that the gastrointestinal helminth parasite was a major health problem and had an impact on the production of sheep in the study area. Therefore, a detailed study should be conducted to identify the parasite at the species level, and further investigation will be needed to study the association of the prevalence of helminth parasites within age, sex and the agroecology of sheep in the area. Then educating the people about the impacts of helminths is needed to control them.
Dec 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2691-6622.ijar-23-4637
M. Yagoub HassanCorresponding author
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of socked pigeon pea seed meal on Growth and Food Utilization Efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. 120 fish the weight and length average (3.4±0.04g and 3.2±0.00cm) were randomly distributed in 12 plastic Tanks (Aquarium) 36L according to the complete randomization, allocated to a represent four treatments (T0, T1, T2, and T3) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. four feeds were prepared in pellet form which consisted of 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% pigeon pea seed meal as replacement of fish meal. All diets contents 30% protein. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5% of their body weight. The result showed significant variation (P < 0.05) in final body weight, weight gain (WG), daily weight growth (DWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) among treatments. But, high SGR in T0 (control) and the best FCR were obtained at T 0% pigeon pea seed meal. Over all, best growth performance was observed in fish fed diet T1 (25%). The best performing fish’s final weight, DWG, SGR and FCR were 9.46±0.33g, 0.13±0.01g/day, 2.93±0.73% /day and 1.49±0.30 respectively. On the other hand, there was high significant variation (P < 0.05) in survival rate were obtained at T2 (50%). this study recommend that a diet containing 25% Pigeon pea seed meal for juvenile Nile tilapia is optimum in terms of growth performance and profitability, and does not impact water quality and plankton abundance in plastic Tanks (Aquarium) culture system.
Dec 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-23-4775
Zanga RosendoCorresponding author
Background Diet, exercise and sleep are three pillars of a healthy life. These lifestyle factors influence one another in complex and dynamic ways. Consistent evidence exists about the bidirectional relationship between sleep patterns and food intake. Objectives We aim to assess the effect of the ultra-processed food(UPF) consumption on sleep disturbances in a sample of the Brazilian adults. Method We analyzed 77,298 persons aged 18 and older from the Brazilian National Health Survey (2019). A Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach was used to address confounding bias and balance the matched exposed and control groups. The population average treatment effect (PATE) and the population average treatment effect on the treated (PATT) were estimated. Also, the Absolute Risk Increase and the Relative Risk Increase were computed. Results The findings revealed that Brazilian adults who consumed UPF experienced small but statistically significant sleep disturbances compared to non-UPF users. Furthermore, salty UPF showed small but significant worsening of sleep compared to sweet UPF users. Conclusion The consumption of UPF is associated with sleep disturbances in Brazilian adults. The consumption of salty UPF had a more significant effect on sleep disorders than sweet UPF in the overall population. However, among individuals who already consumed sweet or salty UPF, these foods had a more significant effect on sleep disorders. To gain a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between UPF consumption, sleep disorders, and their impact on health and quality of life, further research is needed, including precise measurements and consideration of personality traits using prospective designs.
Oct 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-23-4532
Abda Neja SultanCorresponding author
Camels are a significant source of income for nomadic populations in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. Camels are well adapted to dry and semi-dry regions, providing income, food security, and transportation. However, camel production and productivity are constrained by infectious diseases, such as brucellosis, which is a highly infectious bacterial disease that affects camels and humans worldwide. Brucellosis causes significant economic losses due to abortion, low herd fertility, and decreased milk production. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of camel brucellosis varies depending on factors related to the host, agent, climate, and management system, with a reported prevalence ranging from 0.5% to 11.9%. Accurate diagnosis of camel Brucellosis is essential for herd-based screening of animals. Although culturing the pathogen is the preferred method for diagnosis, serological tests such as Rose-Bengal plate test (RBPT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Complement fixation test (CFT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have been developed. Implementing effective diagnosis and surveillance systems to control the spread of brucellosis in animals and humans is very important, on top of awareness campaigns, vaccination programs, and suitable laboratory establishment recommended. Continued research is essential to maintain the health and productivity of camel populations, particularly in pastoral areas where camels play a significant role in the livelihood of communities. Therefore, the present paper views the seropositive prevalence and potential risk factors associated with camel brucellosis in Ethiopia.
Oct 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2769-2264.jw-23-4633
Adeba DerejeCorresponding author
Dams are built to produce electricity, store water for irrigation, control flood hazards and other uses. The operation of dam has a complicated problem, which includes multiple decision variables, several conflicting and contradictory objectives together with significant uncertainty and risk. The objective of this study was to make an impact assessment that Fincha’a-Amarti dam operation can bring on the downstream activity. Fincha’a-Amarti dam downstream irrigation water requirement was done by using CROPWAT software. The SWAT model was also used to model the watershed and simulate the flow. Meteorological data and spatial data of the study area were used as an input of the model. The meteorological stations considered were Shambu, Fincha’a, Homi, Nashe and Harato. The study shows that downstream water requirement greater than the existing downstream water release during the months of: January, February, March, April, May, September, October, November and December; but existing water release is greater than downstream water requirement during wet season only. Therefore, the study concludes that there is downstream water stress except during wet season.
Oct 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-2313.jeh-23-4547
A Abubakar S.Corresponding author
Millions of women use hormonal contraceptive pills around the world and though the physical effects are thoroughly described in the literature and clinical setting. The psychological effects have been largely ignored until recently. Recent studies have found that the use of hormonal contraceptives has an effect on women’s hormones and psychological well-being. The aim of this present research was to check the effect of hormonal contraceptive pills on anterior pituitary gland among female wister rat histomorphometrically. Thirty (30) female wister rats of 3 month old weighing 150 – 200g were used for the study. They were divided into three (3) groups of 10 rats each. Group one (1) received Microlut Levonorgestrel 30mg at a dose of 0.18g/kg while group two (2) received a combination of microgynon levonorgesrel 150mg and ehinylestadiol 130mg at a dose of o.18g/kg in 5 days cycle while group three (3) serve as control group. The experiment last for 72 days. Histomorphometrical analysis of anterior pituitary gland was carried out. The findings revealed that combined oral contraceptive pills adversely cause the decrease in the cells of the anterior pituitary more than the progestin only pills.
Sep 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4496.jtc-23-4722
J. Conway PatrickCorresponding author
Background Patients with distant metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) have an estimated 40% ten-year survival rate. Gain of function mutations in the REarranged during Transfection or RET gene in MTC can result in an aggressive phenotype resistant to traditional therapy. In this case report, we describe the treatment of an MTC patient with a unique RET kinase deletion mutation. Case presentation Since diagnosis, 21 years ago, this patient has had chronically elevated calcitonin levels (>40,000 pg/mL) that was unable to be controlled by conventual therapy and clinical trials. As result of uncontrolled MTC, metastatic disease was found in the spine, liver, and lungs. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis identified a RET 898-901Del mutation, reported as a variant of unknown significance. The treating physician identified that the deletion was in the activation loop of RET kinase and considered that the mutation was constitutively activating RET kinase. The patient was prescribed Pralsetinib, a small molecule inhibitor targeting the ATP binding site of RET. Pralsetinib treatment achieved a durable response and was able to significantly decrease serum calcitonin levels (<200 pg/mL) and tumor size. Conclusion This RET deletion mutation is a pathogenic mutation with comparable enzymatic activity to the more common RET M918T mutation. The case report highlights the versatility of structural biologic approaches to guide therapeutic decisions.
Sep 2023
Suzuki HiroyukiCorresponding author
Objectives The number of cases of cyanoacrylate closure (CAC) system for varicose veins has been increasing worldwide. However, as this is a new treatment method, the potential adverse effects and other details remain unclear. In particular, the cause of inflammation in embolized veins is still under debate. Methods We performed a drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) on a patient with allergic-like symptoms after CAC. Results The DLST was strongly positive in this case, and the patient underwent total removal of the CAC-filled vein due to difficulty controlling the symptoms with medication. After that the state was recovered and no medication was continued. Conclusion We encountered a case that a delayed allergy by CA after CAC treatment developed in, eventually leading to the total removal of the CA-filled vein. It was suggested that with doubting allergic-like symptom after CAC, DLST for CA could show not only the diagnosis of the delayed allergy to CA, but also the later treatment policy with stimulation index (S.I.) in the positive cases.
Sep 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-5518.jcci-23-4743
Jonathan FarshadmandCorresponding author
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States. Rarely, a tumor at the head of the pancreas can invade adjacent structures to cause a gastrointestinal bleed (GIB). We present a 78-year-old female whose massive upper GIB was the initial presentation of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Prior reports have documented GIB in patients with known pancreatic cancer, but in our case, the diagnosis was made after the bleed was controlled, making this presentation rare and associated with a poor prognosis.
Sep 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2576-9383.jhhr-23-4713
Bhoite RachanaCorresponding author
A global increase in incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) indicated the necessity of dietary and lifestyle modification. Low glycemic index (GI) diet was reported to have a significant role in controlling diabetes caused by liver dysfunction. The International Standards Organisation (ISO) has standardized the determination of GI of a food in healthy individuals. This study aimed to estimate GI value of a high protein, energy dense liver nutritional supplement. This cross-over randomized controlled study randomly allotted 15 participants to consume either reference food 27.5 gm glucose (glucose monohydrate) or 77 gm nutritional supplement (equivalent to 25 gm of available carbohydrates); switching to another arm was done after 3 days wash-out period. After overnight fast, blood samples were collected at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes post-consumption of s upplement or reference food. The GI was calculated from the incremental area under the blood glucose response elicited by the nutritional supplement as a percentage of the response after consumption of 27.5 gm of glucose (glucose monohydrate) by the same participant using a standard formula. Mean GI of the nutritional supplementwas estimated as 11.4 ± 2.4.With the consumption of this nutritional supplement, the blood glucose levels were reduced at all postprandial time points, compared to the reference food. The liver nutritional supplement tested has a low GI, and comparatively slower and more sustained blood glucose response. Therefore, it can be used in patients with CLD to prevent CLD-associated metabolic complications and improve health outcomes and quality of life.
Sep 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn2474-9273.jbtm-23-4712
Erika HumphreysCorresponding author
The effectiveness of treating anxiety with Reiki is explored within ten quantitative studies. Methodology utilized for a critical appraisal and systematic review of the literature is explained with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Theoretical framework for the project is grounded in the work of Hildegard Peplau, whose nursing theory based on the therapeutic use of self is foundational for Reiki implementation. A thorough critique of the literature is conducted for key components of robustness and believability. This critique is conducted using a structured guide addressing synthesized strengths and weaknesses of the body of literature. A synthesis of the literature explores the findings of the studies. This synthesis reports on Reiki’s effectiveness in treating anxiety within a variety of patient settings and populations, its effect on subscales of anxiety, physiological manifestations of anxiety and pain associated with anxiety. Cultural considerations effecting Reiki’s potential effectiveness are discussed. Gaps in the literature are examined, including the studies’ narrow sample population, lack of participant exclusionary factors for controlled outcome data, and the lack of studies across time. Implications for future research are discussed with recommendations for expanded research that includes a broader variety of settings, age groups, and patient diagnoses, including anxiety disorders, for research data that is transferable. Implications for further practice for the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) are explored, with the potential benefits for both providers and patients, including improved patient satisfaction and expansion of provider treatment modalities.
Aug 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-23-4730
Marks RayCorresponding author
Background Osteoarthritis and depression are both key barriers to healthy aging and greatly heighten the risk for many negative health issues that seriously impact life quality. When combined what are the implications? Aim This mini review examines 2023 data pertaining to osteoarthritis and depression and older adults and a possible theoretical framework of stress that may direct our approaches in the future. Methods and Procedures Articles published between January 1 and August 15 2023 that addressed the current topic of interest and that were extracted from PUBMED, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were carefully read and their key points arepresented in narrative form. Results As in the past, very few tangible theory-based prospective analyses that employ valid measures of depression and examine any association of any form of osteoarthritis longitudinally and in a consistent manner prevail. Several reports use the same or similar large cohort to draw upon, and find various degrees of clinical implications, but this may not embrace the need for more inclusivity, sampling strategies, control and diversity issues, as well as embracing the role of cognitions positive and negative. Conclusion Without efforts to develop sound research designs of diverse and carefully differentiated osteoarthritis substantive samples it is impossible to delineate the origin or implications of the osteoarthritis-depression linkage reported currently or arrive at a deep understanding of its relevance, to life quality and public health costs. What is needed to protect against or minimize either or both these clinically related disabling correlates in the aged population warrants timely study.
Aug 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2694-2275.jzr-23-4642
Zahoor TayyabaCorresponding author
The study was conducted to determine the effect of Nigella sativa (Kalonji) and Honey as an anti-inflammatory agent for humans and animals. The study was carried out on 20 Albino Mice of almost equal size and weight. All the mice were given 5% solution of formalin in a dose of 0.5ml injection in their right hind paw to produce artificial inflammation. The mice were divided into four groups of five animals in each and were randomly allotted to four treatments as Group A (Control) where no Nigella sativa extract and honey were given, Group B where the mice were given only the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa in the dose of 0.05ml injection as a remedy of inflammation, Group C where the mice were given only the honey orally in a dose of 0.05mg and Group D where mice were given 50% (0.025ml) intraperitoneally of Nigella sativaextract and 50% (0.75mg) of honey as an anti-inflammatory agents. The data was statistically analyzed by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the results showed that the inflammation was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in mice given treatments compared to untreated control group and among treated groups. The mice given the extract of Nigella sativa (Group B) showed better results (p<0.05) in reducing the inflammation compared to other groups (C and D), Group D where the mice were given 50% (0.025ml) Nigella sativa extract and 50% (0.75mg) honey showed better results (p<0.05) than mice given only honey. Overall, both the extract of Nigellasativa and the honey were almost equally successful in reducing the inflammation in mice which showed that these two agents can successfully be used as anti-inflammatory drugs in humans and animals.
Aug 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-23-4688
Fernando Javier Lavalle-GonzalezCorresponding author
Non-nutritive sweeteners are used as adjuncts in treating patients with diabetes to reduce carbohydrate intake. Monk fruit is an FDA-approved1 natural NNS2-. There is no information regarding the use of monk fruit in individuals with T2DM3. The primary objective was to compare the glycemic response to sucrose and monk fruit in individuals with and without T2DM. Twenty-six individuals with T2DM and 29 without DM4 underwent two oral glucose tolerance tests5 after a 250-ml sucrose- or monk fruit-sweetened beverage. Glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. An appetite scale was used before and after the procedure. Insulin levels were measured in ten randomly selected individuals from the control group. The glucose levels at 30 and 120 min were significantly lower in both groups in the monk fruit-OGTT. There was a peak response in the T2DM group at 90 min (median, IQR, 247 mg/dL, 203-293) with the sucrose OGTT, while no peak response was seen in the monk fruit OGTT. There were no differences between sweeteners in terms of appetite evaluation. The postprandial effect on insulin levels was flat with the monk fruit-sweetened beverage. In contrast, there was a significantly higher spike with the sucrose-sweetened beverage. In conclusion, monk fruit does not increase glucose levels in individuals with T2DM; thus, it could be a safe alternative as a substitute food sweetener.
Aug 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-23-4679
Ryu TomikoCorresponding author
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co V-2) has contributed to control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On the other side, vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 could trigger autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. We present a 50-year-old female with well-controlled optic neuromyelitis with prednisolone (PSL) maintained at a dose of 2.5 mg/day. She ran a fever and liver injury was indicated 5 weeks after a second COVID-19 vaccination (BNT162b2 mRNA/Pfizer ). Liver biopsy showed accumulation of macrophages around the central veins, identified using anti-CD68 antibodies. As the treatment, cyclosporine A improved liver injury. COVID- 19 vaccination may have triggered liver inflammation due to cytokine storm via macrophage activation in the liver.
Jul 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-450X.jom-23-4654
Hodges StephanieCorresponding author
Background Nearly 40% of the adult population in the United States are considered obese by current standards, which equates to approximately 93 million people. Obesity is a chronic disease that is linked to more than 40 other diseases, including hypertension, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and at least 13 distinct types of cancers. The direct and indirect costs of obesity have been estimated at up to $210 billion annually. Local Problem In Cumberland County, North Carolina, 34% of the adult population was considered obese. The aim of this quality improvement study was to increase effective care (screening, patient engagement, and referral to treatment) in adult patients with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 to 75% within 90 days. Methods A rapid cycle plan-do-study-act framework was used to evaluate four focus areas concurrently over 8 weeks with a small test of change completed in each 2-week cycle. Interventions An expanded screening with a checklist, shared decision-making tools (SDMTs), and a referral to treatment checklist were implemented. Activities from the team engagement plan were initiated. Results The effective care of patients increased by 42 percentage points while engaging both the patients and the staff. Conclusions Utilizing standardized communication, SDMTs, checklists, and management plans improved effective care while motivating and enabling patients to take control of their care and make sustainable lifestyle changes that enhance overall health.
Jul 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-23-4648
Masoero GiorgioCorresponding author
The purpose of the trial was to check the effects of two grapevine treatments on the plant activity and on the bioactivity and biovariability of the soil. An alkaline complex of Soluble Biobased Substances (SBS) was used in soil at 30 g per plant in a single solution. Salicylic Acid (SA) was used on leaves at 150 mg l-1 every two weeks at 50 ml plant. The plants were examined for their foliar pH and NIR spectra. The soil bioactivity was monitored by means of hay-Litterbag-NIRS (LBN) in combination with the Teabag Index (TBI), using rooibos and green tea that had been buried for 60 days. The evolution of the TBI presented here concerns the TBI-NIRS spectroscopic method used for discriminant analysis. A new algorithm was used to estimate the soil microbiome from the green Teabag spectra. The obtained results showed that the plants and the soil responded to the treatments. In fact, SBS, but not SA, lowered the leaf pH by 5%, an unexpected and original result. Both treatments increased the variability of the leaf composition, with a lower discrimination, based on the NIR spectra, from the Control (75%) to 44% (SA) and 38% (SBS). The TBI method, which is based on weights, was less efficient (67%) than the TBI-NIRS of rooibos (96%) or the LBN of hay (80%), but it was like the TBI-NIRS of green tea (74%). The LBN analyses indicated that the mycorrhizal index had increased by 8% in SA but had reduced by 7% in SBS, while both treatments reduced the activity of the microbes, which did not affect the soil respiration rate. The mineral N in the soil was substantially raised by about 11÷69%. The Taxa profiles showed marked deviations from the Control. Moreover, the SBS treatment reduced the Glomeromycota by 35%, which matched to the reduction in the mycorrhizal index. The most favored Bacteria from the treatments were Proteobateriaand Actinobacteria, with Mortierellomycota being the most penalized. Neither treatment affected the production, but both delayed the technological maturity by 9-11%, while the SBS retarded the phenolic maturity by about 18%. It has been concluded that a simple treatment of vines can affect the bioactivity in the leaves and berries as well as the biovariability of the soil.
May 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4488.jna-23-4545
Papiashvili N.A.Corresponding author
This study aimed to analyze pharmacological actions of phenolic compound luteolin on the renal and cardiac hypertrophy, blood pressure (BP), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) and endothelin-1 (E1) in plasma in the 2 kidney - 1 clip (2K-1C) model of renovascular hypertension (RVH). All animals, were randomized into 2 groups: control (normal) I - sham-operated, II- RVH male Wistar rats, which after 4 weeks of surgical intervention secondly randomized to control II group, treated 0.1% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and main group - with luteolin in 15 DMSO, 3 mg/kg body weight, intraperitonially, during 2 weeks. ET-1, EETs and PGE2 levels investigated in carotid artery blood plasma and analyzed using ELISA kits. All data statistically analyzed using the SPSS-10.0 program. In RVH rats BP increased by 32%, cardiac and right kidney hypertrophy and reduction in parasympathetic component of BRS by 40% and sympathetic by 39%. The plasma level of total trans-EETs and PGE2 in RVH rats decreased by 44% and 50% respectively, while the level of ET-1 increased by 67%. Two weeks treatment with luteolin lowered BP, improved parasympathetic, without marked changes in sympathetic component of BRS. Deremodeling of cardiac and renal hypertrophy under prolonged treatment with luteolin accompanied with increasing in the level of EETs by 44%, PGE-2 by 50% and markedly reducing of plasma content of ET-1 (by 60%). Inhibition of EET hydrolase using low doses of luteolin provides beneficial cardio and renoprotective action in experimental model of RVH.