Fossil fuels are carbon-rich energy sources, including coal, petroleum (crude oil), and natural gas, formed over millions of years from the buried and chemically transformed remains of ancient plants and other organisms. They are extracted and burned to release stored chemical energy, and they remain the dominant gl…
Fossil fuels are carbon-rich energy sources, including coal, petroleum (crude oil), and natural gas, formed over millions of years from the buried and chemically transformed remains of ancient plants and other organisms. They are extracted and burned to release stored chemical energy, and they remain the dominant global source of electricity generation, heating, and transportation fuel. Fossil fuels are significant because of their high energy density and established infrastructure, but their combustion releases carbon dioxide and other pollutants, making them a central concern in climate change, air quality, and energy-transition research. This has driven interest in alternative and renewable energy, carbon capture, and lower-emission technologies. Research in this area examines combustion characteristics of diesel, natural gas, and dual-fuel systems, as well as hydrogen production through alkaline electrolysis and the performance of photovoltaic and thermal solar collectors. Complementary studies explore biological and biotechnological alternatives, including the industrial applications of algae and cyanobacteria, yeast-mediated bioprocesses, and biodegradable polymers, alongside strategies for net-zero emissions through carbon dioxide uptake by terrestrial and aquatic plants. Work linking water, energy, and food systems, and assessments of climate-change mitigation through biotechnology, further situates fossil fuels within broader debates on sustainability, ecological impact, and the shift toward cleaner energy sources.
12 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 12 articles above have been cited 322 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Fossil Fuels, linking to each citing work.